Anatomy: Abdomen And Organs

Front 1

What is the third muscular layer present in part of the stomach wall?

Back 1

oblique layer (internal to circular layer)

Front 2

Does the esophagus enter the abdomen anterior or posterior to the aorta?

Back 2

anterior

Front 3

In the thorax, is the esophagus to the left or to the right of the aorta?

Back 3

right

Front 4

Where are the 3 constrictions of the esophagus?

Back 4

CV6 - beginning of esophagus
where the aorta and left lobar bronchus cross it
TV 10 - esophageal hiatus

Front 5

What comprises the upper third of the esophagus?

Back 5

skeletal muscle

Front 6

What comprises the lower third of the esophagus?

Back 6

smooth muscle

Front 7

What is the most anterior part of the stomach?

Back 7

pylorus (antrum)

Front 8

What is the pyloric sphincter formed from?

Back 8

thickening of the circular smooth muscle

Front 9

What attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach?

Back 9

greater omentum
gastrosplenic ligament
gastrophrenic ligament

Front 10

Which side was the greater curvature of the stomach in the embryo?

Back 10

dorsal

Front 11

What attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach?

Back 11

less omentum

Front 12

Which side was the lesser curvature of the stomach in the embryo?

Back 12

ventral

Front 13

What separates the body of the stomach from the pylorus?

Back 13

angular incisure

Front 14

What are rugae?

Back 14

foldings of the stomach mucose

Front 15

What structures are associated with the posterior wall of the lesser sac?

Back 15

upper lobe of left kidney, left suprarenal gland
spleen, splenic flxure of large intestine
diaphragm, anterior surface of pancreas

Front 16

What space would stomach contents erode into through the anterior wall?

Back 16

greater sac

Front 17

What disease has the following symptoms: heart burn, burping, painful swallowing, feeling of fullness in chest?

Back 17

Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Front 18

What can cause GERD?

Back 18

relaxation or weakening of esophageal sphincter
hiatal hernia

Front 19

What kind of medication would be used to treat GERD?

Back 19

inhibitors of acid secretion

Front 20

How can GERD be treated without medication?

Back 20

surgery for hiatal hernia or tightening of esophageal sphincter

Front 21

Which part of the stomach is most likely to herniate through the esophageal hiatus?

Back 21

fundus

Front 22

What can increase abdominal pressure and cause a hiatal hernia?

Back 22

coughing, vomiting, constipation,
pregnancy, obesity

Front 23

Where is the transition from foregut to midgut?

Back 23

just below the major duodenal papilla in descending duodenum

Front 24

What are plicae circulares?

Back 24

foldings of the duodenal mucosa

Front 25

What level is the first part of the duodenum located at?

Back 25

LV1

Front 26

What is posterior to the first part of the duodenum?

Back 26

gastroduodenal artery, portal vein, bile duct

Front 27

What suspends the first part of the duodenum?

Back 27

hepatoduodenal ligament

Front 28

What level is the second part of the duodenum located at?

Back 28

LV2

Front 29

Where is the major duodenal papilla located?

Back 29

between middle and lower thirds of descending duodnum

Front 30

Where is the minor duodenal papilla locared?

Back 30

between upper and middle thirds of descending duodenum

Front 31

What level is the third part of the duodenum located at?

Back 31

LV3

Front 32

What crosses anterior to the lower duodenum?

Back 32

SMA and SMV

Front 33

What crosses posterior to the lower duodenum?

Back 33

aorta and IVC

Front 34

What can cause SMA syndrome?

Back 34

compression of the SMA

Front 35

What level is the fourth part of the duodenum located at?

Back 35

LV2

Front 36

What suspends the duodenal-jejunal junction?

Back 36

ligament of Treitz

Front 37

What structures does the ligament of Treitz attach near?

Back 37

abdominal aorta and right crus of diaphragm

Front 38

Do the SMA and SMV run anterior or posterior to the uncinate process of the pancreas?

Back 38

anterior

Front 39

Which ligament does the tail of the pancreas briefly travel within?

Back 39

splenorenal

Front 40

At the third part of the duodenum, is the SMA to the left or to the right of the SMV?

Back 40

left

Front 41

Does the SMA run anterior or posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

Back 41

posterior

Front 42

Is the accessory pancreatic duct derived from the ventral or dorsal bud in the embryo?

Back 42

dorsal

Front 43

Is the main pancreatic duct derived from the ventral or dorsal bud in the embryo?

Back 43

both

Front 44

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?

Back 44

secrete hormones (insulin and glucagon)

Front 45

What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?

Back 45

secrete digestive enzymes

Front 46

What structures fuse to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater)?

Back 46

common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

Front 47

What can cause reflux of bile into the pancreas?

Back 47

gallstone at the major duodenal papilla

Front 48

What controls emptying of the major duodenal papilla?

Back 48

sphincter of Oddi

Front 49

Where is the spleen located?

Back 49

ribs 9-11 on the left side

Front 50

What are the impressions in the spleen?

Back 50

splenic flexure
left kidney (renal)
gastric (greater curvature of stomach)

Front 51

What can cause splenomegaly?

Back 51

viral infection (mononucleosis)
blood congestion within spleen

Front 52

What does the spleen sit upon?

Back 52

phrenicocolic ligament

Front 53

What runs in the gastrocolic ligament?

Back 53

gastroomental arteries

Front 54

What does the splenorenal ligament contain?

Back 54

splenic vessels and tail of pancreas

Front 55

What is the smallest rance of the celiac trunk?

Back 55

left gastric

Front 56

What branches does the left gastric artery give off?

Back 56

esophageal branches

Front 57

Which artery would be destroyed by an ulcer in the first part of the duodenum?

Back 57

gastroduodenal artery

Front 58

Which ligament contains the gastric arteries?

Back 58

hepatogastric ligament

Front 59

Does the splenic artery pass anterior or posterior to the stomach?

Back 59

posterior

Front 60

Which 2 structures receive both foregut and midgut blood supply?

Back 60

pancreas and duodenum

Front 61

What are the branches of the splenic artery?

Back 61

short gastric arteries
left gastroomental
dorsal pancreatic artery
great pancreatic artery
caudal branches

Front 62

What structures does the celiac trunk supply?

Back 62

liver, pancreas, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, abdominal esophagus, upper half of duodenum

Front 63

J/I: Which has larger plicae circulares?

Back 63

jejunum

Front 64

J/I: Which has a thinner, less muscular wall?

Back 64

ileum

Front 65

J/I: Which has greater vascularity?

Back 65

jejunum

Front 66

J/I: Which is more red?

Back 66

jejunum

Front 67

J/I: Which contains more messenteric fat?

Back 67

ileum

Front 68

J/I: Which contains more arterial aracades?

Back 68

ileum

Front 69

J/I: Which has longer vasa recta?

Back 69

jejunum

Front 70

J/I: Which has more lymphatic aggregates?

Back 70

ileum

Front 71

What causes Meckel's diverticulum?

Back 71

patent vitteline duct in the terminal ileum

Front 72

Where is McBurney's point located?

Back 72

2/3 of the way from umbilicus to ASIS

Front 73

Where is Sudak's point located?

Back 73

junction of the sigmoid colon and rectum

Front 74

Where is Griffith's point located?

Back 74

just proximal to splenic flexure of large intestine

Front 75

Does the bile duct lie anterior or posterior to the head of the pancreas?

Back 75

posterior

Front 76

What level is the recto-sigmoid junction located at?

Back 76

SV3

Front 77

What are teniae coli?

Back 77

bands of longitudinal muscle in the colon

Front 78

What are the sacculations of the colon called?

Back 78

haustra

Front 79

What are omental appendages?

Back 79

fat lobules hanging off of teniae coli

Front 80

What are the two most common positions of the appendix?

Back 80

retrocecal (60%)
intrapelvic (30%)

Front 81

Where does volvulus most commonly occur?

Back 81

sigmoid colon

Front 82

What is intussusception?

Back 82

invagination of one part of the gut into another

Front 83

What is diverticulosis?

Back 83

outpocketing of mucosal wall in the colon

Front 84

Which artery does the appendicular artery branch from?

Back 84

ileocolic

Front 85

What is used to equalize blood supply in the colon?

Back 85

marginal artery system

Front 86

What are the 3 Watershed areas?

Back 86

Sudek's point
Griffith's point
ileocecal junction

Front 87

Functionally, which lobe of the liver does the quadrate lobe belong to?

Back 87

left

Front 88

Functionally, which lobe of the liver does the caudate lobe belong to?

Back 88

both

Front 89

What separates the quadrate lobe from the right lobe of the liver?

Back 89

gallbladder

Front 90

What separates the caudate lobe from the right lobe of the liver?

Back 90

IVC

Front 91

How are the structures arranged in the portal triad?

Back 91

Post: portal vein
Ant.-Left: proper hapatic artery
Ant.-Right: common hepatic duct

Front 92

What joins to form the common bile duct?

Back 92

common hepatic duct + cystic duct

Front 93

What joins to form the portal vein?

Back 93

SMV + splenic vein

Front 94

Does the portal vein run anterior or posterior to the neck of the pancreas?

Back 94

posterior

Front 95

What are the tributaries to the splenic vein?

Back 95

short gastric veins
left gastroomental vein
pancreatic veins
IMV (60% of the time)

Front 96

What is responsible for the tellowing of the skin in jaundice?

Back 96

backup of bile

Front 97

What can cause jaundice?

Back 97

gallstones in hepatopancreatic ampulla
cancer in head of pancreas