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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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rectus abdominis muscle extends from _______ and _______ to _______________
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inferior sternal and costal margins to pubic region of pelvis
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3 lateral muscles of the abdomen
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- external abdominal oblique
- internal abdominal oblique - transversus abdominis m. |
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makes the rectus sheath
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aponeuroses of the lateral abdomina muscles
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inguinal ligament extends from _____ to ____
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blade of ilium to the pubic region
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passes through the superficial inguinal ring
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- spermatic cord (containing vas deferens + vasculature)
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embryonic equivalent to spermatic cord inf emales
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round ligament
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round ligament passes through what? from where to where
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inguinal canal. uterus --> labia majora
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when portion of bowel herniates throug superficial inguinal ring
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indirect inguinal
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when portion of bowel herniates through weakened fascia and tendon medial to the superficial inguinal ring
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direct inguinal
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the greater omentum develops from part of this mesentery
lesser omentum? |
greater: dorsal
lesser: ventral |
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organs that develop within the dorsal mesentery
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part of pancreas and spleen
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organs that develop within the ventral mesentery
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liver and part of pancreas
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intraperitoneal organs
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stomach
liver transverse & sigmoid colon spleen tail of pancreas 1st part of duodenum |
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retroperitoneal organs
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(most) pancreas
ascending and descending colon, rectum desc/horizontal parts of duodenum urinary, reproductive |
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the lesser mesentery sac is located primarily posteriorly to __________ and adjacent to ____________
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lesser omentum
adjacent to the posterior abdominal wall |
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2 surfaces of the liver
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diaphragmatic and visceral
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3 components of diaphragmatic liver surface
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falciform ligament
coronary ligaments (right and left) bare area (walled off by ligaments) |
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ligaments of the liver are ______ folds, remnants of the _____________________
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peritoneal folds
remnants of the original ventral mesentery |
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3 components of the visceral surface of liver
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gall bladder
porta hepatis (hilum of liver) lesser omentum |
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remnant of umbilical vein
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ligamentum teres
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purpose of ductus venosum in fetus
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drained into hepatic veins and subsequently into inferior vena cava
- shunt blood away from liver, take directly to heart |
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3 branches of celiac trunk
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- left gastric
- splenic - common hepatic |
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forms the portal vein
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superior mesenteric vv. and splenic vv.
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drains blood of the GI tract organs
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hepatic portal vein tributaries
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purpose of the hepatic veins
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drain liver parenchyma into inferior vena cava
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innervates the liver (sympathetic/ parasypathetic)
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postganglionic sympathic from celiac plexus (preganglionics from the greater splanchnics)
parasympathetic from the vagus |
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2 ducts that combine to form the common bile duct
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common hepatic and cystic duct
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common bile duct empties into:
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2nd portion of the duodenum (descending)
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divisions of the stomach
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cardiac
fundus body pylorus |
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4 segments of the duodenum
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- superior
- descending (bile enters here) - horizontal - ascending |
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names and lengths of 2nd and 3rd parts of small intestine
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jejunum and ileum - 20ft
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suspends 2nd and 3rd aparts of small intestine
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root of the mesentery (from dorsal wall)
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boundaries of abdominal cavity (upper and lower)
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1. Upper -- diaphragm; lies within thoracic cage
2. Lower -- found within the bony pelvis |
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After the passage of gallstones and alcohol abuse, _________________ is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in North Americ
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emphysematous pancreatitis
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80% of all hernias
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inguinal
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where head of pancreas is located
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in "C" of duodenum
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these vessels appear just below the neck of the pancreas
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superior mesenteric artery and vein
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location of splenic artery and vein
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Splenic artery passes along the superior border of the pancreas, and the splenic vein is usually embedded in its deep surface.
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blood supply and innervation of the pancreas
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- Pancreatic branches from hepatic a. via celiac trunk
- Superior mesenteric artery - left gastric artery - Pancreatic branches from splenic artery -Innervation: celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses |
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exocrine and endocrine function of pancreas
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exocrine: digestive enzymes and bicarbonate into duodenum
endocrine: hormones into vasculature (insulin/glucagon) |
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spleen is located above
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left colic flexure
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splenic artery supplies
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spleen, pancreas
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left gastric artery supplies
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stomach, pancreas
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common hepatic artery supplies
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liver, stomach, duodenum, pancreas
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superior mesenteric artery supplies
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pancreas, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, part of large intestine including ascending colon and the transverse colon
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inferior mesenteric artery supplies
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descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
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innervation of the spleen comes from
what kind of nerves? |
splenic plexus derived from the celiac plexus
purely sympathetic |
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2 surfaces of spleen
where do splenic artery and vein enter? |
diaphragmatic, visceral
at hilum |
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covers the diaphragm
above below |
pleura, pericardium
peritoneum |
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attachments to the diaphragm
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muscle fibers originating from sternum, ribs and vertebrae converge toward central tendon
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comes through the aortic hiatus
this hiatus is most ______ and ______________ |
aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein
most posterior and inferior |
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comes through esophageal hiatus
this hiatus is anterior to _____ and posterior to______ |
esphagus and vagal trunks
anterior to aortic arch posterior to vena caval |
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comes through vena caval hiatus
this hiatus is most ______ and _______ |
vena cava only
anterior, superior |
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blood supply and innervation to diaphragm
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musculophrenic arteries
- from internal thoracic a. and inferior phrenic from the abdominal aorta innervated by phrenic nerve |
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muscles of the posterior thoracic wall
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- Psoas major and minor- hip flexor
-Iliacus -- hip flexor - Quadratus lumborum -- laterally tilts pelvis or flexes spine laterally -Transversus abdominis |
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the aponeurosis of ________ runs ________ to quadratus lumborum
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transversus abdominus
posterior to |
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parietal branches of aorta
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- Lumbar aa. (supply abdominal walls)
- Inferior phrenic aa. (supply diaphragm) |
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paired visceral branches of aorta
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- Suprarenal arteries
- Renal arteries - Gonadal arteries (testicular or ovarian) |
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unpaired visceral branches of aorta
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celiac artery (trunk)
superior mesenteric artery inferior mesenteric artery |
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terminal branches of the aorta and at what vertebral level
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- left and right common iliac arteries
branch into internal and external iliac arteries L4 |
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goes on to become the femoral artery
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external iliac artery
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why do suppositories have to be calculated differently than oral drugs?
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need less
rectum venous drainage can travel the IVC or inferior mesenteric. can be drained by internal iliac --> IVC route bypasses the liver |
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what can cause portal hypertension?
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heart failure(suprahepatic) cirrhosis(intrahepatic)
protal vein thrombosis, tumor compression of vein (infrahepatic) or other lesions of the liver that prevents drainage through the portal vein |
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name for increased fluid within the abdomen caused by portal hypertension
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ascites (caput medusa)
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where venous drainage goes that is blocked in portal hypertension
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veins that typically drain the lower portion of the rectum --> IVC
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origin of lumbar plexus of nerves
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L1-L5
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lumbosacral trunk (comes from ___________ ) and joins _____ to form this plexus
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L4-L5 joins S1
sacral plexus |
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provides autonomic innervation to plexuses on aorta and celiac trunk
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lumbar splanchnic
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provides autonomic innervation to abdomen
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lumbar and thoracic splanchnics
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parasympathetics for posterior abdominal wall originate from ______ and ______
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esophageal plexus (formed by vagal trunks)
sacral parasympathetics- S2, 3, 4 |
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kidney blood supply
autonomic innervation to kidneys (symp vs. parasymp) |
renal arteries
both parasympathetic and sympathetic |
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innervation to the adrenal gland is _______ primarily to the ______
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sympathetics primarily to medulla
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why does cirrhosis cause toxic waste build up in the body?
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cells of liver die, scar tissue builds up, blood can't flow through properly to get filtered
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femoral vein lies ___ to the femoral artery
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1cm medial to the artery- can catheterize to access central vasculature related to the heart
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2 main causes of liver cirrhosis
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alcoholism and hepatitis C
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quadratus lumborum does what
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laterally tilt pelvis or flex spine laterally
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