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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is atmospheric pressure?
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It drives respiration and it is the weight of air above us
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What does boyle's law state?
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It states that at a constant temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to it's volume
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How does atmospheric pressure vary?
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With location and temperature
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What is intrapleural pressure?
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A slight vacuum. drops about -6 mm Hg when inhaling
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What is Charles's law?
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the volume of a given quantity of gas is directly proportional to it's absolute temperature. Contributes to the thermal expansion of lungs.
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What is pneumothorax?
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The presence of air in the pleural cavity
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What is atelectasis?
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Collapse of a lung
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What are the three factors that contribute to resistance to airflow?
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1.) diameter of the bronchioles- Epinephrine and sympathetic nerves (norepinephrin) stimulate bronchodilation and increase airflow while histamine, parasympathetic nerves (acytelcholine), cold air, and chemical irritants are factors for bronchoconstriction
2.)Pulmonary compliance- the ease with which the lungs expand. 3.) Surface tension of alveoli and distal bronchioles-thin film of water over alveoli creating surface tension. Surfactant disrupts the hydrogen bonds of water and reduces surface tension |
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What is surfactant? What is it made of?
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it is an agent that disrupts the hydrogen bonds of water and reduces surface tension. It is composed of amphiphilic proteins and phospholipids
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What is infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)?
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It is the lack of surfactant that makes it difficult for infants to breath
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Why is the conducting division of the respiratory system called the anatomical dead space?
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because the air cannot exchange gases with the blood.
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What is the physiological dead space?
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It is the sum total of anatomical dead space and any alveolar dead space.
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What is alveolar ventilation rate?
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It is the amount of inhaled air, excluding dead space multiplied by the respiratory rate. ex. 350 mL/breath x 12 breaths per minute
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What is residual volume?
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The leftover air after expiration in the alveoli.
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what is the tool used to measure variables such as the rate and depth of breathing, speed of expiration, and rate of oxygen consumption?
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spirometer
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what are the four different types of respiratory volumes in measurement of lung function
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Tidal volume- amount of air expelled in one cycle of respiration
Expiratory reserve volume- amount of air that could potentially be expelled after the normal 500 mL Inspiratory reserve volume- amount of air that could potentially be inhaled after the normal 500 mL inhalation. Risidual volume- the amount of air still in lungs after maximum expiration; the amount that can never be exhaled. |
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What are the four types of respiratory capacities?
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Vital capacity- The amount of air that can be inhaled and then exhaled with maximum effort. ERV+ TV + IRV
Inspiratory Capacity- The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration. TV+ IRV Functional Residual capacity- the amount of air in lungs after a normal tidal expiration. Total lung capacity-maximum amount of air the lungs can contain. RV+ VC |
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What is spirometry?
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The measurement of pulmonary function.
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What are restrictive disorders
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disorders that reduce pulmonary compliance
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What are obstructive disorders?
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Those that interfere with airflow by narrowing or blocking the airway
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Forced expiratory volume
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percentage of the vital capacity that can be exhaled in a given time interval.
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What is peak flow?
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it is the maximum speed of expiration.
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What is the minute respiratory volume
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The amount of air that is inhaled in 1 minute.
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