Anatomy

Front 1

Upper airway

Back 1

Includes mouth, nose, sinuses, and pharynx

Front 2

Nasopharynx

Back 2

Back of the nose

Front 3

Oropharynx

Back 3

Back of the mouth

Front 4

Nares

Back 4

Nostrils

Front 5

Nasal septum

Back 5

Divides the nose into left and right passages

Front 6

Hard palate

Back 6

Divides the nasal cavity from the mouth

Front 7

sinus cavities (4)

Back 7

Spaces in the head, named for the bones they are behind: maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal

Front 8

Epiglottis

Back 8

A flap of skin that closes over the trachea to prevent food and liquid from entering the lungs

Front 9

Trachea

Back 9

Rigid cartilaginous tube that connects the pharynx to the lungs

Front 10

Larynx

Back 10

Voicebox, at the opening of the trachea

Front 11

Lower airway

Back 11

Includes the bronchi and lungs

Front 12

Bronchi

Back 12

Airways in the lung made of cartilage and smooth muscle. Less cartilage the smaller they are.

Front 13

Pleurae

Back 13

Thin membranes lining the lungs and thoracic cavity

Front 14

Visceral pleura

Back 14

Lines the outside of the lungs

Front 15

Parietal pleura

Back 15

Lines the thoracic cavity

Front 16

Pleural fluid

Back 16

Fluid between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura

Front 17

Alveoli

Back 17

Microscopic air sacs in the lungs

Front 18

Recoil

Back 18

The elastic quality that allows the lungs to expand and contract

Front 19

Umbilicus

Back 19

Belly button

Front 20

Axial body

Back 20

Head, neck, and trunk

Front 21

Appendicular

Back 21

Arms and legs

Front 22

Sagittal plane

Back 22

Runs vertically from front to back and divides the body into left and right halves

Front 23

Frontal plane

Back 23

Runs vertically left to right and divides the body into front and back portions

Front 24

Transverse plane

Back 24

Horizontal and divides the body into upper and lower portions

Front 25

Eversion

Back 25

Turning the foot laterally at the ankle

Front 26

Inversion

Back 26

Turning the foot medially at the ankle

Front 27

Central nervous system (CNS)

Back 27

Brain and spinal cord

Front 28

Cortex, brain

Back 28

Grooved surface of the cerebrum

Front 29

Brainstem

Back 29

Contains the medulla oblongata and pons. Anterior to the cerebellum

Front 30

Dermatomes

Back 30

Areas of the skin associated with specific spinal nerves

Front 31

Myotomes

Back 31

Groups of muscles associated with specific spinal nerves roots

Front 32

Mediastinum

Back 32

The space in the chest for the heart

Front 33

Epicardium

Back 33

Lining on the outside of the heart

Front 34

Myocardium

Back 34

The muscle of the heart

Front 35

Endocardium

Back 35

Lining of the inside the heart

Front 36

Pericardium

Back 36

Fibrous sac encasing the heart

Front 37

Tricuspid valve

Back 37

Right artium to right ventricle

Front 38

Bicuspid valve

Back 38

Mitral valve, left atrium to left ventricle

Front 39

Bicuspid valve

Back 39

Mitral valve, left atrium to left ventricle

Front 40

Pulmonary valve

Back 40

Right ventricle to the pulmonary arteries to lungs

Front 41

Aortic valve

Back 41

Left ventricle to the aorta to the body

Front 42

Apex

Back 42

Largest part of the heart, best for auscultating sounds from the mitral valve

Front 43

Auscultating

Back 43

Listening to the mitral valve

Front 44

Apical pulse

Back 44

The pulse from the Apex, the largest part of the heart

Front 45

Vena cava

Back 45

The veins that return deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium

Front 46

Sinoatrial node

Back 46

Natural pacemaker in the right atrium

Front 47

Atrioventricular node

Back 47

Secondary natural pacemaker at the bottom of the right atrium

Front 48

Cardiac cycle

Back 48

Heartbeat

Front 49

Lymph nodes

Back 49

Concentrations of white blood cells

Front 50

Lymph

Back 50

Clear, colorless, alkaline fluid made up of mostly water, along with some protein, salts, fats, WBCs, and urea

Front 51

Urea

Back 51

A waste product of protein metabolism

Front 52

Phagocytes

Back 52

White blood cells that remove microorganisms, cell debris, and blood cells that are damaged, old, or abnormal by phagocytosis

Front 53

T lymphocyte

Back 53

Type of WBC that kill cancer cells

Front 54

Buccal cavity

Back 54

Mouth

Front 55

Peritoneum

Back 55

Lining of the abdominal cavity

Front 56

Rugae

Back 56

Folds inside the stomach

Front 57

Fundus

Back 57

Upper part of the stomach

Front 58

Pylorus

Back 58

Lower part of the stomach

Front 59

Ileocecal valve

Back 59

The valve from small intestine to the large

Front 60

Insulin

Back 60

Binds glucose molecules in the blood, secreted by the beta cells in the panceas

Front 61

Glucagon

Back 61

Stimulate the liver to release glycogen, secreted by the alpha cells.

Front 62

Thorax

Back 62

Combination of the sternum, ribs, and vertebral column

Front 63

Hematopoiesis

Back 63

Production of red and white blood cells in the marrow

Front 64

Aponeurosis

Back 64

A tendon that attaches to a larger area of bone

Front 65

Synarthrosis

Back 65

Immovable joint. Skull sutures

Front 66

Amphiarthrosis

Back 66

A slightly movable joint. Vertebra

Front 67

Diarthrosis

Back 67

A freely movable joint

Front 68

Goniometer

Back 68

Measures the range of motion of a joint

Front 69

Sclera

Back 69

The white, outer, hard, protective layer of the eye

Front 70

Conjunctiva

Back 70

A thin mucus membrane that coats the sclera and eyelids and lubricates the eye

Front 71

Choroid

Back 71

The middle layer of the eye. Vascular and dark blue. Contains the Iris, pupil, ciliary body, lens, and suspensory ligaments

Front 72

Ciliary body

Back 72

The structure that changes the shape of the lens

Front 73

Ciliary muscles

Back 73

Change the shape of the lens in the eye

Front 74

Suspensory ligaments

Back 74

Suspend the lens in the eye

Front 75

Accommodation

Back 75

Ciliary muscles adjusting the lens in the eye

Front 76

Aqueous humor

Back 76

Fluid in both chambers of the eye, nourishes the lens and cornea

Front 77

Vitreous humor

Back 77

Jellylike fluid in the posterior chamber of the eye

Front 78

Schlemm's canal

Back 78

Opening between the chambers of the eye through which aqueous humor drains from the anterior chamber to the posterior chamber

Front 79

Cerumen

Back 79

Ear wax

Front 80

Ossicles

Back 80

The bones of the middle ear. Malleus, incus, and stapes

Front 81

Perilymph

Back 81

The fluid in the cochlea

Front 82

Organ of corti

Back 82

The lining of the cochlea, containing the tiny hairs that relay vibrations to the vestibulocochlear nerve

Front 83

Endolymph

Back 83

The fluid in the vestibular system that informs our ear of our position relative to gravity

Front 84

Retroperitoneal space

Back 84

Space in the back of the abdominal cavity where the kidneys are

Front 85

Nephron

Back 85

The structure that filters the blood in the cortex of the kidney. Consists of the arteriole, venule, Bowman's capsule, glomerulus, proximal tubule, henle's loop, distal tubule, and capillary bed

Front 86

Glomerulus

Back 86

Capillary cluster within the Bowman's capsule

Front 87

Filtrate

Back 87

Fluid of electrolytes, urea, and water produced by osmosis in the glomerulus

Front 88

Medulla

Back 88

Inner region of the kidney, containing the renal pyramids

Front 89

Renal pelvis

Back 89

Where all the calyces join and the urea gathers into the ureter

Front 90

Cremasters

Back 90

Muscles that pulls the scrotum closer to the body