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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the types of various tissues in the body? |
1. Epithelial 2. Muscular 3. Connecive 4.Nervous |
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What are the functions of Epithelial Tissues |
Covering & internal lining and glandular |
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What are the functions of Connective Tissues? |
Protects and supports the body and its organs, stores energy reserves as fat, and provides immunity. |
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What are the functions of Muscular Tissues? |
Generates the physical force needed to make body structures move. |
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What are the functions of Nervous Tissues? |
Changes inside and outside the body and initiates and transmits nerve impulses (action potentials that coordinate body activities to help maintain homeostasis. |
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What is the difference between squamous, cuboidal, transitional and columnar cells? |
1. Squamous - flat thin 2. Cuboidal - cube like in shape 3. Transitional - moves between flat and cudodial and back 4. Columnar - rectangular shaped |
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Put these epithelial tissues is order from most superficial to least. - Apical, basal, lateral |
1. Apical- faces the surface of body 2. Lateral - faces adjacent cells 3. Basal - faces basement of the membrane |
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What are the two groups of epithelial tissues? |
Covering and lining & Glandular Epithelium |
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Define Simple, Stratified, and Pseudostratifed layers. |
Simple- Single layer of cells above basal tissues Stratified - Multiple layers of cells above basal tissues (protection) Pseudostratified- Appears to have multi layers, not all layers reach the apical. (absorption/secretion) |
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What are the functions/location of Simple Squamous cells? |
Allows for diffusion, osmosis, filtration and secretion. They line the heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, alveoli, and glomeruli in the kidney. |
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What are the functions/location of Simple Cuboidal? |
Allow for absorption and secretion. They are found in the exocrine glands, surface of ovaries, and thyroid glands. |
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What are the functions/location of Simple columnar cells (ciliated) |
Helps move substances and to secrete mucus. Found in the upper respiratory tract, sinuses, fallopian tubes and uterus. |
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What are the functions/location of simple Columnar cells (non ciliated) |
Have specialized extensions called microvilii that allows for absorption of nutrients, and also secrete mucus that protects the lining of digestive tract. Found in digestive tract and gallbladder. |
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What are the functions/ locations of pseudo-stratified cells? |
Ciliated- Secrete mucus to trap foreign particles and move substance to the surface of tissues Non-ciliated- Absorbortion and secretion They are found in respiratory tract, non-cilitated can be found in epididymis and other glands |
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What are the function/locations of stratified squamous cells? |
Protects underlaying tissues from absorption and from microorganisms (deeper basal cells are cuboidal) Keratinized cells are found in skin, where non keratinized cells are in the mouth, esophagus, pharynx and vagina. |
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What is the function/location of stratified cuboidal cells? |
Can have 2 or more layers that function to protect underlying tissues and have some absorption and secretion properties. They are located in esophageal glands, ducts, sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands. |
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What are the functions/location of stratified columnar cells? |
This is the least common cell type, and functions as protection and secretion. They are located in some ducts of some exocrine glands. |
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What is the function of Glandular Epithelium? |
Secretion, completed by the cells that lie in clusters deep to the covering/lining epithelium |
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Define Endocrime |
Secretion into the bloodstream without slowing through a duct. i.e hormones |
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Define Exocrime |
Secretions enter into ducts that empty at the surface of covering and lining epithelium |
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What consists in connective tissues? |
Cells and extra cellular matrix (ground substances & fibers) |
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What are the types of connective tissue cells? |
Fibroblasts- secretes extra-celluar matrix Macrophages- perform phagocytosis Plasma Cells- Secretes antibodies Mast cells- produce histamine Adipoctytes- stores fat |
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What is connective extracellular matrix tissues made of? |
Fluid, gel or solid ground substances plus protein fibers. |
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Define Ground Substance |
The component of connective tissues between the cells and fibers. It supports cells, binds them together and provides a medium through which substances are exchanged between the blood and the cells. They also contain water and large molecules. Some examples are hyaluronic acid, chondrotin sulfate, and glucosamine. |
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What are the types/function and location of fibers? |
1.Collagen Fibers- Provide strengh. Found in bone, cartilage and liagments 2. Elastic Fibers - Provide elasticity and are located in the skin, blood vessle walls and lungs. 3. Reticular Fibers - Provide support and mostly found in soft organs and many different tissues |
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Define connective tissues |
Have more cells, but less extracellular matrix around. Types include: 1. Areolar connective tissues - unspecified 2. Adipose tissue - stores fat, energy, insulation, protection and cushioning 3. Reticular connective tissues- Produces reticular fiber = structure |
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Define connective tissue |
Have fewer cells, but more extracellular matrix Types: 1. Regular - collagen fibers arrange in patter = strength in one direction 2. Irregular- collagen fibers arrange in a irregular pattern = strength in all direction 3. Elastic- elastic fibers = stretchy |
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Define Cartilage |
Dense network of collagen/elastic fibers embedded into chondrotun sulfate: rubbery ground substance No blood vessels or nerves present because cartilage secretes antiangiogenisis factors |
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What are they types of cartilage? |
1. Hyalire Cartilage 2. Fibrocartilage 3. Elastic cartilage |
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Define Bone |
Can be called osseous tissue, supports soft tissue, protects organs, works with skeletal muscle to produce movement, stores minerals, contains red bone marrow, and yellow bone marrow Types: Spongy and Compact |
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Function of red bone marrow? |
Blood cell production |
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Function of yellow bone marrow? |
Fat storage |
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Define Blood Tissue |
Liquid extracellualr matirx (plasma), which contains water, nutrients, oxygen, proteins, waste, hormones, enzymes, ions and respiratory gases. Have cells: Red-carry oxygen, white-fight infection, and platelets- blood clotting |
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What is lymph |
The fluid that flows though lymphatic vessels |
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Define Muscular Tissue and the funtions |
Muscular tissues consits of enlongated cells called muscle fibers. they produce motion, maintain posture, and generate heat |
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Types of Muscular Tissues |
1. Skeletal - attacted to the bones of the skeleton 2. Cardiac - heat walls 3. Smooth - walls of hollow internal structures |
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Define Nervous Tissues |
Main component of the nervous system - brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It communicate with the body via electrical impulses |
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Types of nervous Tissues |
Nervous- Generates and conducts nerve impulses to other neurons, muscle fibers or glands Neuroglia - Protects and supports cells |
