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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Glands |
No sweat glands but a sebaceous (uropygial gland) at the upper base of tail contains oils used to clean and waterproof feathers |
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Modified skin near beak |
Rhamphotheca |
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Region where feathers turned to scales |
Podotheca |
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Medullary bone |
Forms in marrow of larger bones. Functions as a calcium storage site |
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Vertebrae not fused |
Cervical. Have more than mammals |
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Crop |
Enlarged sac that can store food especially granivorous species. Allows them to eat quickly and reduce exposure to predators |
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Ceca |
Paired lateral pouches that from the large intestine that does microbial fermentation and plays a role in water and electrolyte balance |
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Esophagus and crop adaptations |
Pigeons crop produces "milk" flamingos esophagus produce a red colored juice that is regurgitated for young. Emperor penguin males produce high fat and protein fluid for young |
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Some shorebirds that migrate long distances covert their intestines into fat then rebuild them when they arrive. |
Cool! |
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Respiration |
Continuous flow of air. No dead air space. |
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Vocal chords |
Syrinx |
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Elongated trachea of the whooping crane |
Extensively coiled. May function in sound profusion or humidifying air |
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Lungs |
Small structure that does not change volume. Bright pink and spongy (air and blood capillaries). Air flows continuously In one direction. |
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Gas exchange |
Air flows through parabronchus at right angles to the flow of blood. So that co2 is added and o2 removed from air stream |
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Direction aorta arises and turns |
Arises from left turns to right |
Opposite of mammals |
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Nitrogenous waste |
Uric acid. More nitrogen excreted less water |
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Pectoralis |
Large chest muscle pulls wing up and down |
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Supercoracoideus |
Beneath pectoralis. Used in steep take offs, hovering, rapid adjustments |
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Plantar tendons |
Extend from flexor muscles in the thigh. Contraction closes the foot |
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Feather election and depression |
Caused by smooth muscles in the dermis |
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White muscle |
Uses short, powerful bursts. Large with few capillaries and little myoglobin. Use glycogen. Tire easily |
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Red muscle |
Can sustain contractions for long periods of time. Thinner and high in myoglobin, mitochondria, capillaries, and fat. Consists of migrant birds pectoralis |
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Cerebral hemisphere |
No folds. Flat layer of gray matter covers the corpus stratum. |
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Corpus striatum |
Controls instinctive behaviors |
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Brood patch |
Bare area on belly that allows for contact between bird and incubating eggs. Determine clutch size |
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Nictitating membrane |
Third Eyelid that serves as a protective and bathes eyes with fluid |
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