Anatomy

Front 1

where does the middle meningeal artery innervate the skull?

Back 1

foramen spinosum

Front 2

what does the anterior cranial fossa house?

Back 2

olfactory bulbs and frontal lobes

Front 3

what does the middle cranial fossa house?

Back 3

temporal lobes and pituitary gland

Front 4

what does the posterior cranial fossa house?

Back 4

cerebellum and brain stem

Front 5

sella turcica

Back 5

hypophyseal fossa. houses pituitary gland

Front 6

optic canal

Back 6

transmits optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic artery

Front 7

superior orbital fissure

Back 7

transmits CN III, IV, VI and V1- ophthalmic division

Front 8

foramen rotundum

Back 8

transmits CN V2- maxillary division to pterygopalatine division

Front 9

foramen ovale

Back 9

transmits CN V3- mandibular division to infratemporal fossa

Front 10

foramen magnum

Back 10

transmits medulla, meninges, vertebral and spinal vessels as well as spinal root of CN XI

Front 11

hypoglossal canal

Back 11

transmits CN XII

Front 12

jugular foramen

Back 12

transmits internal jugular vein, CN IX, CN X and CN XI

Front 13

internal acoustic meatus

Back 13

transmits cranial nerves VII and VIII

Front 14

preganglionic parasympathetic axons (GVE) leave brainstem in what cranial nerves?

Back 14

III (occulomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharengeal) and X (vagus)

Front 15

SSA fibers

Back 15

vision, sound and equillibrium

Front 16

SVA fibers

Back 16

associated with ingestion of food. taste and smell

Front 17

muscles from the first arch including muscles of mastication are innervated by what nerve?

Back 17

CN V- trigeminal

Front 18

muscles from the second arch including the muscles of facial expression are innervated by what nerve?

Back 18

CN VII facial nerve

Front 19

the only muscle from the third arch (stylopharyngeus) is innervated by what nerve?

Back 19

glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX

Front 20

muscles of the larynx and pharynx from the 4th and 6th arches are innervated by what nerve?

Back 20

vagus nerve CN X

Front 21

extraocular muscles

Back 21

arise from preotic somites and are innervated by CN III IV and VII

Front 22

tongue muscles

Back 22

from postotic somites and are innvervated by CN XII

Front 23

CN I

Back 23

olfactory nerve. SVA fibers mediate smell

Front 24

CN II

Back 24

optic nerve. SSA fibers mediate vision from retina

Front 25

CN III

Back 25

occulomotor nerve. GSE fibers innervate most ocular muscles
GVE fibers to ciliary ganglion

Front 26

CN IV

Back 26

trochlear nerve. GSE fibers innervate the superior oblique muscle (extraocular)

Front 27

CN V

Back 27

trigeminal nerve.
GSA fibers: general sensation of facial skin, oral, nasal mucosa, teeth cornea and conjunctiva, meninges and ant tongue
SVE first pharyngeal arch musculature

Front 28

CN VI

Back 28

abducens nerve. GSE fibers innervate the lateral rectus muscle (extraocular)

Front 29

CN VII

Back 29

facial nerve. SVE- muscles of facial expression
some afferents too

Front 30

CN VIII

Back 30

vestibulocochlear nerve. SSA nerves convey inputs concerning sounds from cochlea and equillibrium and vestibular system

Front 31

CN IX

Back 31

glossopharyngeal nerve. GSA and SVA fibers mediate sensation from posterior tongue, middle ear and oropharynx. GVA input from carotid visceral receptors
GVE fibers to the otic ganglion SVE fibers innervate a single third arch muscle

Front 32

CN X

Back 32

Vagus nerve. SVE fibers innervate 4th and 6th arch, muscles of larynx and pharynx. GVE fibers innervate larynx, pharynx, thorax and abdomen
some afferents too

Front 33

CN XI

Back 33

spinal accessory nerve. GSE fibers innervate trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscle

Front 34

CN XII

Back 34

hypoglossal nerve. GSE fibers innervate all intrinsic and most extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Front 35

V1

Back 35

ophthalmic division. supraorbital fissure

Front 36

V2

Back 36

maxillary division. foramen rotundum

Front 37

V3

Back 37

mandibular division. foramen ovale

Front 38

contraction of frontalis

Back 38

elevates the eyelids and wrinkles the forehead

Front 39

scalp blood vessels

Back 39

scalp gets blood supply from both carotid branches. lies in dense connective tissue layer (why scalp lacerations bleed so bad)

Front 40

contraction of buccinator

Back 40

milks the parotid duct

Front 41

platysma

Back 41

weak depressor of the lower lip and mandible.
flairs the skin of the neck

Front 42

CN VII skull innervation

Back 42

enters temporal bone through the internal auditory meatus courses through the facial canal and exits through stylomastoid foramen. enters parotid gland where it branches forming parotid plexus

Front 43

temporal branch of parotid plexus

Back 43

ask patient to raise eyebrows

Front 44

zygomatic branch of parotid plexus

Back 44

aask to shut eyes tight

Front 45

buccal branch of parotid plexus

Back 45

pucker lips, bare teeth

Front 46

mandibular branch of parotid plexus

Back 46

bare lower teeth

Front 47

cervical branch of parotid plexus

Back 47

flare skin of the neck

Front 48

Bell's palsy

Back 48

spontaneous unilateral paresis or paralysis of the muscles of facial expression from inflammation of the facial nerve (from virus infection or vasospasm)

Front 49

lateral pterygoid muscle

Back 49

only muscle of mastication that has horizontally oriented fibers. when it contracts it pulls the meniscus and condyle process of TMJ- depresses mandible

Front 50

masseter muscle

Back 50

arises from zygomatic arch. inserts on the lateral aspects of the coronoid process and ramus as well as the angle of the mandible

Front 51

temporalis muscle

Back 51

vertically oriented anterior and middle fibers are responsible for elevation of the mandible. horizontally oriented posterior fibers are responsible for retrusion (retracting the mandible)

Front 52

medial pterygoid muscle

Back 52

course in the same direction as masseter. elevates and protrudes the mandible

Front 53

CN V3 innervates what muscles?

Back 53

lateral and medial pterygoid, temporalis, masseter

Front 54

contralateral excursion

Back 54

origin of lateral pterygoid is medial to insertion. contraction of muscles draws mandible to opposite side.

Front 55

a lesion of CN V3?

Back 55

will produce deviation of the jaw to the side of the lesion when the mandible is protruded against resistance

Front 56

auriculotemporal nerve

Back 56

sensory division of CN V3. two roots surround the middle meningeal artery as it approaches the foramen spinosum

Front 57

long buccal nerve

Back 57

sensory division of CN V3.mediates sensation from both the skin superficial to and mucosa deep to the buccinator muscle. does not innervate the buccinator muscle itself

Front 58

lingual nerve

Back 58

sensory division of CN V3. general sensation to the ant 2/3 of the tongue, floor of the mouth and mandibular gingivae

Front 59

chorda tympani

Back 59

CN VII joins lingual nerve in infratemporal fossa. provides taste fibers

Front 60

inferior alveolar nerve

Back 60

sensory division of CN V3. dental and mental branches. dentists inject here wait for chin to go numb

Front 61

pterygoid venous plexus

Back 61

communicates between superficial veins of the face and scalp and emissary veins passing into cranial canal

Front 62

emissary veins

Back 62

valveless veins communicate between the veins of the scalp and face superficially and the venous dural sinuses endocranially

Front 63

levator palpebrae superioris

Back 63

elevates upper lid. innervated by CN III

Front 64

rectus muscles

Back 64

all come from a common tendinous ring (annular tendon) all attach to the anterior aspect of the sclera

Front 65

lateral rectus

Back 65

innervated by CN VI

Front 66

superior oblique

Back 66

medial to nasolacrimal gland. innervated by CN IV
depresses, abducts, intorts
look medially and downward

Front 67

inferior oblique

Back 67

elevates
abducts
extorts
look medially and upward

Front 68

inferior rectus

Back 68

depresses
adducts
extorts
look laterally and downward

Front 69

superior rectus

Back 69

elevates
adducts
intorts
look laterally and upward

Front 70

anterior triangle

Back 70

muscular, visceral and vascular structures within fascial compartments. including larynx, pharynx, esophagus, trachea and endocrine glands as well as suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

Front 71

retropharyngeal space

Back 71

the plane between the prevertebral and buccopharyngeal fasciae that is filled with loose alar fascia. extends from neck into thorax: can spread infection

Front 72

lateral group of scalene muscles

Back 72

rectus capitus lateralis, anterior scalene, middle scalene, posterior scalene
accessories to respiration, flex head and neck and assist in contralateral rotation

Front 73

anterior group of scalene muscles

Back 73

rectus capitis anterior, longus capitus, longus coli
flexion of head and spine against resistance

Front 74

scalene triangle

Back 74

middle and anterior scalene muscles and the first rib. transmits the major neuro-vascular supply of upper limb

Front 75

scalene interval syndrome

Back 75

compression of brachial plexus. cool, pale upper limb with diminished pulse. sensory and motor deficits in the upper limb

Front 76

occipital triangle

Back 76

4 groups of cutaneous nerves from cervical plexus; lesser occipital (C2), greater auricular (C2, C3), transverse cervical (C2, C3), supraclavicular (C3,C4)

Front 77

Erb's point

Back 77

branches of cerival plexus joining with branches of CN V providing cutaneous innervation can be blocked by an injection at this point

Front 78

mylohyoid contraction

Back 78

raises the tongue in the early stage of swallowing
CN V3

Front 79

Digastric muscle

Back 79

CN V3 and CN VII
elevate hyoid

Front 80

stylohyoid muscle

Back 80

CN VII
elevate hyoid

Front 81

geniohyoid muscle

Back 81

C1 via CN XII
elevate hyoid

Front 82

braches of vagus nerve

Back 82

pharyngeal, superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal (back in the direction that it came from)

Front 83

Horner's syndrome

Back 83

lesion of cervical sympathetic chain. ptosis, miosis (constricted pupil), anhidrosis (absence of sweating)