Anatomy

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

The study of how the body and its parts work or function

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Atoms

Back 3

Tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water, sugar, and proteins.

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Cells

Back 4

The smallest unit of all living things.

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Tissues

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Consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function.

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Organ

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A structure composed of two or more tissue types that performs a specific function for the body.

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Organ System

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A group of organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose.

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Organism

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The living body.

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Integumentary System

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The external covering of the body.

(Skin)

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Skeletal System

Back 10

Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

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Muscular System

Back 11

Skeletal muscles.

Front 12

Nervous System

Back 12

Body's fast-acting control system.

Consists of brain, sensory receptors, spinal cord, and nerves.

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Endocrine System

Back 13

Controls body's activities, but acts more slowly.

Consists of pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, pineal, ovaries, and testes.

Front 14

Cardiovascular System

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Heart and blood vessels.

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Lymphatic System

Back 15

compliments Cardiovascular system.

Includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid organs like the spleen and tonsils.

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Respiratory System

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Keeps the body constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.

Consists of pharynx, larynx, nasal passages, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Front 17

Digestive System

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A tube running through the body from the mouth to the anus.

Humans are basically donuts.

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Urinary System

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Removes the nitrogen containing wastes from the blood and flushes them from the body in urine.

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Reproductive System

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Exists to produce offspring.

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Movement

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Includes all activities promoted by the muscular system, like walking, and manipulating the external environment with our fingers.

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Responsiveness/Irritability

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Ability to sense changes in the environment and then react to said changes.

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Digestion

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Process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood.

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Metabolism

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Is a broad term that refers to all chemical reactions that occur within body cells.

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Excretion

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The process of removing excreta (wastes) from the body.

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Reproduction

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Production of offspring.

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Receptor

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Is some type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment.

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Control Center

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Determines the level at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the information it receives and then determines the appropriate response or course of action.

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Effector

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Provides the means for the control center's response to the stimulus.

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Negative Feedback Mechanisms

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Most homeostatic control mechanisms.

In most systems the net effect of the response to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity.

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Positive Feedback Mechanisms

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Rare in the body because they tend to increase the original stimulus and push the variable farther from its original value.

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Homeostatic Imbalance

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The tendency of a system, especially the physiological system of higher animals, to maintain internal stability, owing to the coordinated response of its parts to any situation or stimulus that would tend to disturb its normal condition or function.

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Anatomical Position

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The body's standard position.

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Directional Terms

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Terms that are directional.

Ex: Ears are located on both sides of the head to the right and left of the nose.

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Abdominal

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Anterior body trunk inferior to the ribs.

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Acromial

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Point of shoulder.

Front 36

Antebrachial

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Forearm.

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Antecubital

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Anterior surface of elbow.

Front 38

Axillary

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Armpit.

Front 39

Brachial

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Arm.

Front 40

Buccal

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Cheek area

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Carpal

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Wrist

Front 42

Cervical

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Neck region

Front 43

Coxal

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Hip

Front 44

Crural

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Leg

Front 45

Deltoid

Back 45

Curve of the shoulder formed by a large deltoid muscle.

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Digital

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Fingers and toes

Front 47

Femoral

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Thigh

Front 48

Fibular

Back 48

Lateral part of leg

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Frontal

Back 49

Forehead

Front 50

Inguinal

Back 50

Area where thigh meets body trunk; groin.

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Nasal

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Nose area.

Front 52

Oral

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Mouth

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Orbital

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Eye area.

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Patellar

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Anterior knee.

Front 55

Pelvic

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Area overlying the pelvis anteriorly.

Front 56

Pubic

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Genital region.

Front 57

Sternal

Back 57

Breastbone area.

Front 58

Tarsal

Back 58

Ankle region

Front 59

Thoracic

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Chest

Front 60

Umbilical

Back 60

Navel

Front 61

Calcaneal

Back 61

Heel of foot.

Front 62

Cephalic

Back 62

Head

Front 63

Femoral

Back 63

Thigh

Front 64

Gluteal

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Buttock

Front 65

Lumbar

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Area of back between ribs and hips.

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Occipital

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Posterior surface of head

Front 67

Olecranal

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Posterior surface of elbow

Front 68

Popliteal

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Posterior knee area

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Sacral

Back 69

Area between hips.

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Scapular

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Shoulder blade region

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Sural

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Posterior surface of lower leg; the calf.

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Vertebral

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Area of spine

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Plantar

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Sole of foot.

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Section

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Cut

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Plane

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Imaginary line.

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Sagittal Section

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A cut along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body, dividing the body into right and left parts.

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Median/Midsagittal Section

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Cut down the median plane of the body.

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Frontal Section/Coronal Section

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Cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body (or organ) into anterior and posterior parts.

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Transverse Section/Cross Section

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A cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior part.

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Dorsal Body Cavity

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Contains spinal body cavity and cranial cavity.

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Cranial Cavity

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Is the space inside the body skull.

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Spinal Cavity

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Extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebral column.

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Ventral Body Cavity

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Contains structures within the chest and abdomen.

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Thoracic Cavity

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Separated from the rest of the ventral cavity by a dome shaped muscle, the diaphragm.

Front 85

Diaphragm

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Dome-shaped muscle.

Front 86

Mediastinum

Back 86

Central region separated the lings into right and left cavities in the thoracic cavity.

Front 87

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Back 87

Cavity inferior to the diaphragm. Has an inferior and Superior cavities.

Front 88

Abdominal Cavity

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Superior cavity.

Contains the stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs.

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Pelvic Cavity

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Inferior cavity.

Contains the reproductive organs, the rectum, and the bladder.