Anatomy 6

Front 1

Functions of the skeletal system

Back 1

A. Supports and gives shape to the body

B. Protects internal organs

C. helps make movements possible when bones at moveable joints are pulled by muscles

D.Stores calcium- hormones regulate calcium storage

E. Hematopoiesis- blood cell formation in red bone marrow

Front 2

4 major types of bones

Back 2

Long, short, flat, and irregular. (some are also recognized as sesamoid (round) bone category)

Front 3

Long bone structure

Back 3

1.Diaphysis or shaft- hollow tube of hard compact bone

2. medullary cavity- hollow area inside diaphysis that contains yellow marrow

3. epiphyses, or ends of the bone- spongy bone that contains red bone marrow

4. articular cartilage- covers epiphyses and functions as a cushion

5. periosteum- strong membrane covering bone everywhere except at joint surfaces

6. Endosteum- thin membrane lining medullary cavity

Front 4

Structure of flat bones

Back 4

1. spongy bone layersandwiched between two compact bone layers.

2. Diploe- spongy bone layer of a flat bone

Front 5

Bone types

Back 5

Spongy and compact

Front 6

spongy bones

Back 6

1. texture results from needle liek threads of bone called traveculate surrounded by a network of open spaces.

2. Found in epiphyses of bones

3. spaces contain red bone amrrow

Front 7

Compact bone

Back 7

1. structural unit is an osteon- calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers or rings called concentric lamella

2. Bone cells are called osteocytes and are found inside spaces called lacunae, which are connected by tiny tubes called caliculi

Front 8

Cartilage

Back 8

1. cell type called chondrocyte

2. Matrix is gel-like and lacks blood vessels

Front 9

Bone formation and growth

Back 9

A. early bone development (before birth) consists of cartilage and fibrous structure

B. Osteoblasts form new bone, and osteoclasts reabsorb bone; osteocytes are inactive osteoblasts

Front 10

Divisions of skeleton

Back 10

axial, appendicular

Front 11

axial skeleton

Back 11

skull, spine, thorax, and hyoid bone

Front 12

appendicular skeleton

Back 12

1. upper extremities, including shoulder girdle

2. lower extremities, including hip girdle

Front 13

Different between a Man's and a Woman's skeleton

Back 13

A. size- male skeleton is generally larger

B. Shape of pelvis- male pelvis is deep and narrow, females pelvis is shallow and broad

C. Size of pelvic inlet- female pelvic inlet is generally wider, normally large enough for baby's head to pass through it

D. Pubic angle- angle between pubic bones of female generally wider

Front 14

Joint

Back 14

A. Every bone except the hyoid connects to at least one other bone.

Front 15

Kind of joints

Back 15

Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, and Diarthroses

Front 16

Synarthroses

Back 16

1. has no movement

2. fibrous connective tissue grows between articulating bones

Front 17

Amphiarthroses

Back 17

1. slight movement

2. cartilage connects articulating bones

Front 18

Diarthroses

Back 18

1. free movement

2. most joints belong to this class

Front 19

Diarthroses structure

Back 19

1. structures of freely movable joints- joint capsule and ligaments hold adjoining bones together but permit movement at joint

2. articular cartilage- covers joint ends of bones where they form joints with other bones

3. Synovial membrane- lines joints capsule and secrets lubricating fluid

4. joint cavity- space between joint end of bones

5. Bursa- fluid-filled pouch that absorbs shock

Front 20

Diarthroses Function

Back 20

ball-and-socket, hinge, picot, saddle, gliding, and condyloid- allow different kinds of movements determined by the structure of each joint