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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic functions of the plasma membrane. |
*Physical isolation - barrier *regulates exchange with environment- Ions and nutrients enter, wastes eliminated and cellular products released *Monitors the environment- Extracellular fluid composition, chemical signals *Structural support- anchors cells and tissues |
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Plasma Membrane |
*composed of double layer or bilayer of phospholipid molecules *Hydrophilic heads- toward watery environment, both sides *Hydrophobic fatty-acid tails- inside membrane *Barrier to ions and water- soluble compounds. It is selectively permeable. *External boundary of cell; regulates flow of materials into and out of the cell; site of cell signaling |
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DNA |
*DNA molecule has deoxyribose *DNA performs the more important part of laying down the benchmark and determines genetic characteristics. *DNA as having two strands *DNA contains smaller grooves where the damaging enzymes can get attached |
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RNA |
*RNA consists of ribose sugar *RNA is single stranded. * RNA performs the function of a messenger between DNA and the protein system complexes known as ribosomes. |
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Cytosol and what it contains |
*the water-soluble components of cell cytoplasm, constituting the fluid portion that remains after removal of the organelles and other intracellular structures. |
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centriols and their function in cell division |
* In all animal cells capable of undergoing cell division, the centrosome surrounds a pair of cylindrical structures. * Lie perpendicular to each othe rand are composed of short microtubules. *aid the formation of the spindle apparatus needed for the movement of DNA strands. *Form the basal bodies found at the base of cilia and flagella |
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Cilia and their function |
*Fairly long, slender extensions of the plasma membrane. *Found on the cells lining both the respiratory and reproductive tracts, and at various other locations in the body. *A primary cilium acts as a sensor. Motile cilia move materials over cell surgaces |
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Ribosome and what it does and in protein synthesis |
*RNA + proteins; fixed ribosomes bound to rough endoplasmic reticulum; free ribosomes scattered in cytoplasm *In the Ribosome, the mRNA, tRNA, and Amino Acids meet to form a Protein. |
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Proteasomes and what they do |
*Organelles that contain an assortment of protein-digesting enzymes, or proteases. *To remove proteins from the cytoplasm. *remove and recycle damaged or denatured proteins. break down abnormal proteins. Key role in the immune system. |
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what is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? |
No ribosomes Involved with the synthesis of lipids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates; the requesting of calcium ions; and the detoxification of drugs. Produces cholesterol, glycogen, triglycerides, hormones, and phospholipids |
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What is the rough Endoplasmic reticulum |
produces proteins, enzymes functions as a combination workshop and shipping warehouse. many newly synthesized proteins are chemically modified and packaged for export to their next destination.
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Golgi body and the 3 types of vesicles does it produce? |
an organelle, consisting of layers of flattened sacs, that takes up and processes secretory and synthetic products from the endoplasmic reticulum and then either releases the finished products into various parts of the cell cytoplasm or secretes them to the outside of the cell.
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secretory vesicles and where they come from |
The secretary vesicle is a type of transporter organelle that is used to deliver particles within the cell or from the cell to outside of the cell. Modify and package products for exocytosis- transport out of cell. |
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Lysosome and what it does |
Powerful enzyme- containing vesicles. clean up inside cells. break down large molecules, attack bacteria and viruses, recycle damaged organelles, eject wastes by exoctyosis |
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peroxisome and what it does |
are enzyme- containing vesicles: break down fatty acids, organic compounds, produce hydrogen peroxide-poison- immune system, absorb and neutralize drugs and toxins |
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Mitochondria and what it does, does the mitochondrion require oxygen? |
Have smooth outer membrane and inner membrane with numerous folds. Matrix: fluid around cristae. Takes chemical energy from good: produce the energy molecule ATP. Use oxygen to break down food and produce ATP |
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Nucleus and found where, how is DNA organized in the nucleus, chromosomes, chromatids and chromatin |
Largest organelle and the cells control center and site of DNA. |
