Anatomy 4Th Bimonthly: Head

Front 1

Statement that are true to the middle ear

Back 1

· AKA tympanic cavity, is a narrow air filled chamber in the petrous part of the temporal bone

· has 2 parts:

¾ TYMPANIC CAVITY PROPER internal to the tympanic membrane

¾ EPITYMPANIC RECESS a space superior to the membrane.

§ Houses the:

Ø Body of incus

Ø Head of malleus

v Chorda tympani nerve passes to the medial surface of the malleus

· The tympanic membrane is connected:

¾ anteromedially with the nasopharynxpharyngotympanictube

¾ posterosuperiorly by the mastoid cell via the mastoid antrum.

· The tympanic cavity is lined with mucous membrane that is continuous with the lining of the pharyngotympanic tube, mastoid cells, and mastoid antrum.

Front 2

Contents of the middle ear

Back 2

· auditory ossicle: malleus, incus, and stapes

· stapedius and tensor tympani mm.,

· chordia tympani nerve (CN 7)

· tympanic plexus of nerves.

¾ Dorsopharyngeal nerve

¾ Pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic)

¾ Cervical plexus of nerves (sympathetic)

Front 3

Walls of the tympanic cavity:

Back 3

· the tegmental wall (roof): formed by the tegmen tympani, part of the petrous part of the temporal bone

· the jugular wall (floor): Internal Jugular Vein

· membranous wall (lateral wall): by the Tympanic Membrane

· the labyrinthine wall (medial wall): marked by the labyrinthine prominence / bony labyrinth / basal turn of cochlea / promontory of labyrinthine wall

· the mastoid wall (posterior wall): mastoid antrumlined by mastoid cells

the anterior carotid wall: Internal Carotid Artery

Front 4

Membranous wall of the tympanic cavity:

Back 4

· it’s the lateral wall, formed almost entirely by the peaked convexity of the tympanic membrane;

· Tympanic membrane

¾ Components:

o Pars flacida:

Ø forms the lateral wall of epitympanic recess

Ø has no longitudinal and circular fibers

Ø more blood vessels and nerves

o Pars tensa:

Ø has longitudinal and circular fibers

Ø less blood vessels and nerves

· superiorly by the lateral bony wall of the epitympanic recess.

· The handle of the malleus is attached to the tympanic membrane; its head extends into the epitympanic recess.

Front 5

True of the carotid wall of the tympanic cavity:

Back 5

· Anterior wall

· separates the tympanic cavity from the carotid canal;

· superiorly, it has:

- the opening of the pharyngotympanic tube

- canal for the tensor tympani

Front 6

Features of the mastoid wall (posterior wall)

Back 6

· features an opening in its superior part, the aditus (L. access) to the mastoid antrum, connecting the tympanic cavity to the mastoid cells;

· the canal for the facial nerve descends between the posterior wall and the antrum, medial to the aditus.

Front 7

Mastoid antrum:

Back 7

· a cavity in the mastoid process of the temporal bone

· separated from the middle cranial fossa by a thin plate of the temporal bone, called the tegmen tympani.

· forms the tegmental wall (roof) for the ear cavities and is also part of the floor of the lateral part of the middle cranial fossa.

is the common cavity into which the mastoid cells open. The antrum and mastoid cells are lined by mucous membrane that is continuous with the lining of the middle ear. Antero -inferiorly, the antrum is related to the canal for the facial nerve.

Front 8

True to the pharygotympanic tube

Back 8

· connects the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx

· opens posterior to the floor of the nasal meatus

· posterolateral third is bony, remainder is cartilaginous

· line by mucous membrane that continues posteriorly with that of the tympanic cavity and anteriorly with that of the nasopharynx

· innervated by the pharyngotympanic plexus from the glossopharyngeal nerve

· supplied by pharyngeal tympanic artery, branch of maxillary artery from the external carotid artery

Front 9

Functions of the Pharyngotympanic tube

Back 9

-equalize pressure in the middle ear with the atmospheric pressure, thereby allowing free movement of the tympanic membrane.

-allow air to enter and leave the tympanic cavity so it balances the pressure on both sides of the membrane

· Muscles that act on the pharyngotympanic tube

¾ Salpingopharyngeus: opens pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing

Front 10

Auditory ossicles

Back 10

Malleus: aka hammer

Incus: aka anvil

Stapes: aka stirrup

form a mobile chain of small bones across the tympanic cavity from the tympanic membrane to the oval window, an oval opening on the labyrinthine wall of the tympanic cavity leading to the vestibule of the bony labyrinth

· first to be fully ossified, mature at birth.

· covered with the mucous membrane lining the tympanic membrane but lack surrounding layer of osteogenic periosteum

http://www.reviewofoptometry.com/cmsdocuments/2010/4/ro0410_hndbk.pdf:

· Incus is articulated to the stapes via lenticular fibers

Front 11

Statement that are true to malleus

Back 11

· Composed of:

¾ Handle

¾ Neck

¾ Head

¾ Lateral process

¾ Anterior process

· attaches to the tympanic membrane

· rounded superior HEAD OF THE MALLEUS lies in the epitympanic recess

· Head articulates with incus, tensor tympani inserts into its handle near the neck

· neck of malleus in the flaccid part of the tympanic membrane

· handle is embedded in the tympanic membrane with its tip is the umbo

· The tensor tympani muscle inserts to the handle near the neck of malleus

· chorda tympani crosses the medial surface of the neck

· Moves with membrane

· Functions as lever, with the longer of its 2 processes and handle attached to tympanic membrane

Front 12

Statements that are true of the Incus

Back 12

Located between the malleus and stapes and articulate with them.

-has body and 2 limbs.

· it's large body lies in epitympanic recess, articulates with the head of the malleus.

· long limb lies parallel to the handle of the malleus, and it's interior end articulates with the stapes by way of the lenticular process, a medically directed projection.

· short limb is connected by a ligament to the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity.

Front 13

Statements that are true of the foot plate of the stapes

Back 13

· Fits into the oval window on the medial wall of tympanic membrane

· Attached to margins of oval window (Anchored to the oval window via annular ligament)

· smaller than the tympanic membrane; results, the vibratory force is increased approximately 10x than the tympanic membrane.

*auditory ossicle increase the force but decrease the amplitude of vibrations

Front 14

Statements about the tensor tympani are true

Back 14

- Short muscle that arises from the superior surface of the cartilaginous part of the pharyngotympanic tube, the greater wing of sphenoid, and the petrous part of the temporal bone

- Inserts into the handle of the malleus

- Pulls the handle medially, tensing the tympanic membrane and reducing the amplitude of its oscillations which tends to prevent damage to the internal ear when exposed to loud sounds

- Supplied by mandibular nerve CNV3

Front 15

Describe the stapedius

Back 15

tiny muscle inside the pyramidal eminence

-its tendon enters the tympanic cavity by emerging from a pinpoint foramen in the apex of the eminence and inserts in the neck of the stapes

· -it pulls the stapes posteriorly and tilts its base in the oval window, thereby tightening the annular ligament and reducing the oscillatory range (dampens stapes movement)

-prevents excessive movement of the stapes

-innervated by CNVII

Front 16

1. This structure is adherent to the corneal periphery as a transparent tissue which contains the blood vessels:

Back 16

Bulbar conjunctiva

Front 17

1. What structures produce aqueous humor?

Back 17

Ciliary processes in non-pigmented epithelium

Front 18

1. Drainage of aqueous humor is through the:

Back 18

a trabecular meshwork at the iridocorneal angle into the sclera venous sinus (Canal of schlemm)

1: Ciliary process

2: Posterior Chamber

3: Pupil

4: Anterior Chamber

5: Trabecular Meshwork

6: Canal of Schlemm

Front 19

1. Refractive surfaces of the eye. What are they?

Back 19

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens and vitreous humor

Front 20

What structure limits the amount of light entering the eye?

Back 20

The pupil

Front 21

What are the intraoccular muscles of the eye?

Back 21

-sphincter papillae of iris

-dilator papillae of iris

-cilliary muscle

Front 22

Tearing in an infant since birth- the most likely obstruction is at what level of structure?

Back 22

-nasolacrimal duct.

or puncta of the eyelid

Front 23

20/20 or 6/6 vision is due to this specific inner structure of the eye .

Back 23

Fovea Centralis (the area of most acute vision) at the Macula Lutea (acuity of vision)

Front 24

A wing-like growth of bulbar conjunctiva on the nasal aspect of the cornea for which a farmer comes to you for consult, no history of eye trauma. What is your most likely consideration?

Back 24

Ptyergium- a triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea, usually from the nasal side. Reddening may occur. May interfere with vision as it encroaches the pupil.

Front 25

The middle vascular layer of the eye is collectively called the-

Back 25

Uvea or uveal tract

Front 26

The ring-like tendon, located in the nasal part of the orbit, though which the Superior oblique passes?

Back 26

Trochlea

Front 27

A palsy of which extraocular muscle will cause an esotropia (inward turning) of the eye?

Back 27

When the abducens nerve (CN VI) is damaged, a palsy of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle may occur, resulting in an esotropia of the affected eye.

Front 28

1. The extraocular muscle nearest the corneal limbus is what structure?

Back 28

Medial Rectus

Front 29

Supporting apparatus of the eyeball

Back 29

· Fascial Sheath

· Muscle Sheath

· Medial and Lateral Check Ligaments

· Suspensory Ligament

· Retrobulbar Fat

Front 30

1. The superior and inferior recti muscles functions to_____ the eyeball.

Back 30

adduction

Front 31

1. Ptosis associated with limitation of the movements four extraocular muscles are due to a palsy of which cranial nerve?

Back 31

· Oculomotor Nerve Palsy.

Front 32

1. Inflammation of the uvea in a herpes zoster patient happens only when this specific branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) is affected?

Back 32

Answer: nasociliary branch of the ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)

Front 33

1. IN the fudus photo of the retina of an eye, you will say it’s the right eye based on the location of________?

Back 33

optic disc at the right (its medial side)

with respect to the macula (lateral) of retina.

Front 34

1. In CN 3 palsy, you will note also that the involved eye will have an overactive ____________ muscle in the primary position of gaze.

Back 34

· Lateral Rectus muscles and Superior Oblique muscles

Front 35

1. Sudden, painless diminution of vision will make you consider a diagnosis of _______?

Back 35

· If sudden unilateral visual loss is painless, consider:

ü central retinal artery occlusion

Front 36

Which of the following structures is not part of the viscerocranium?

Back 36

Not vicerocranium (neurocranium):

· Calvaria- Frontal, parietal, occipital

· Cranial base- sphenoid, temporal

*Ethmoid- half viscera/neuro

The viscerocranium consists of 15 irregular bones:

¾ 3 singular bones centered on or lying in the midline

§ Mandible

§ Ethmoid (half viscera/neurocranium)

§ Vomer

¾

6 bones as bilateral pairs

§ Maxillae

§ Inferior Nasal Conchae

§ Zygomatic Bone

§ Palatine Bone

§ Nasal Bone

§ Lacrimal Bone

Front 37

Which of the following bones do not articulate with the zygomatic?

Back 37

Mandible

The only bones that articulate with the zygomatic bone are:

¾ Temporal Bone (via Zygomatic process of the Temporal bone)

¾ Maxilla (marked by the Zygomaticomaxillary suture)

¾ Frontal Bone (via Zygomatic process of Frontal bone)

¾ Sphenoid Bone (marked by the Sphenozygomatic suture)

Front 38

1. Which landmark of the cranium comprised the junction of the greater wing of the sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal, and parietal bones?

Back 38

· Pterion

Front 39

1. Which suture line of the superior cranium separates the parietal and temporal bones from the occipital bone?

Back 39

· Lambdoid suture

Front 40

1. What do you call an opening that is pear-shaped, located inferior to the nasal bones and is considered as an anterior nasal opening in the cranium?

Back 40

Piriform Aperture

Front 41

1. What facial muscle has its origin at the fascia aponeurosis covering the nasal bone and lateral nasal cartilage with its insertion at the skin of inferior forehead? Its main function is it depresses the medial end of the eyebrow and wrinkles skin over dorsum of nose.

Back 41

· Procerus + Transverse part of Nasalis

Front 42

1. Which facial muscle has its origin from the platysma and anterolateral body of mandible and inserts in the skin of lower lip? It is a part of the dilators of mouth; retracts &/or everts lower lip as in pouting or sadness.

Back 42

· Depressor Labii Inferioris

Front 43

1. What is a tendinous thickening of the buccopharyngeal fascia that separates and gives origin to the superior pharyngeal constrictor posteriorily? It is also closely related to the buccal mucosa than the skin of the face.

Back 43

· Pterygomandibular Raphe

Front 44

1. Which particular division of the trigeminal ganglion is largely sensory and also receives motor fibers from the motor root of CN V that mainly supply the muscles of mastication?

Back 44

· Mandibular Nerve

Front 45

1. What branch by the trifurcation of CN V1 is considered the largest which runs along the roof of the orbit toward the orbital opening?

Back 45

· Frontal Nerve

Front 46

1. What cutaneous nerve is derived from the anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C2 & C3 via cervical plexus and innervates the skin overlying the angle of mandible, inferior lobe of auricle and parotid sheath?

Back 46

Great Auricular Nerve

Front 47

1. What is the branch of CN VII that passes external to the buccinators to supply this muscle and muscles of the upper lip including the upper parts of the orbicularis oris and inferior fibers of the levator labii superioris?

Back 47

· Buccal Branch of Facial N (CN VII)

Front 48

1. The parotid duct passes horizontally from the anterior edge of gland. It turns medially, pierces the buccinators, and enters the oral cavity through a small orifice opposite to the…?

Back 48

· 2nd maxillary molar tooth

Front 49

1. The canine and premolars of the maxillary or upper teeth are both innvervated and supplied by which particular branch of the superior alveolar nerve and artery?

Back 49

Middle Superior Alveolar nerve

Middle Superior Alveolar artery

Front 50

What part of the gingivae is unattached, normally red and non-keratinizing

Back 50

Alveolar Mucosa

Front 51

1. The arterial supply of the submandibular glands is from the submental arteries. Where does this artery come from?

Back 51

The submental arteries arises from cervical branch of the facial artery

Front 52

52. The pterygopalatine fossa is a small pyramidal space inferior to the apex of the orbit. What particular structure form its floor?

Back 52

pyramidal process of the palatine bone

Front 53

There are structures which are considered as contents of the pterygopalatine fossa. Which of the following is not among them?

Back 53

answer: whatever is not in this list

contents of the pterygopalatine fossa.

• Terminal (pterygopalatine or third) part of the maxillary artery, and the initial parts of its branches, and accompanying veins (tributaries of the pterygoid venous plexus).

• Maxillary nerve (CN V2), with which the pterygopalatine ganglion is associated. Branches arising from the ganglion within the fossa are considered to be branches of the maxillary nerve.

• Neurovascular sheaths of the vessels and nerves and a fatty matrix occupy all remaining space.

· Pterygopalatine ganglion

· Pterygoid venous plexus

Front 54

52. The maxillary nerve enters the pterygopalatine fossa through which opening before it runs anterolaterally in the posterior part of the fossa?

Back 54

Foramen Rotundum

Front 55

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the different areas of the cranium through various openings. Where does it communicate medially?

Back 55

Medially with the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen.

Front 56

In assessing a deep laceration of the right side of the nose, the attending physician determines that the cartilage on the lateral side of the nostril has been cut. What cartilage was injured?

Back 56

Alar cartilage

Front 57

Which of the following facial bone is unpaired?

Back 57

Mandible

Ethmoid

Vomer

Front 58

Which of the following is not part of the supporting skeleton of the nose?

Back 58

the supporting skeleton of the nose is composed of bone and hyaline cartilage.

the bony part of the nose is composed of the:
A.) nasal bones
B.) frontal processes of the maxilla
C.) nasal part of the frontal bone and its nasal spine
D.) bony parts of the nasal septum

the cartilaginous part of the nose consist of 5 main cartilages:
A.) 2 lateral cartilages
B.) 2 alar cartilages
C.) 1 septal cartilage

Front 59

52. The COLUMELLA is part of the ________.

Back 59

NASAL SEPTUM

Front 60

The NASAL SEPTUM. Describe

Back 60

· divides the chamber of the nose into two (2) Nasal cavities. The septum has a BONY part and a soft mobile CARTILAGINOUS part.

· main components of the nasal septum are the perpendicular plate of the ETHMOID, the VOMER, and the SEPTAL CARTILAGE.

o The thin PERPENDICULAR PLATE OF THE ETHMOID BONE, forming the superior part of the nasal septum, descends from the CRIBRIFORM PLATE and is continued superior to this plate as the CRISTA GALLI.

o The VOMER, a thin flat bone, forms the postero-inferior part of the nasal septum, with some contribution from the nasal crests of the maxillary and palatine bones.

o The SEPTAL CARTILAGE has a tongue-and-groove articulation with the edges of the bony septum.

Front 61

52. The floor of the nasal cavity is comprised of bony processes from:

Back 61

PALATINE PROCESS OF MAXILLA

HORIZONTAL PLATES OF THE PALATINE BONE

Front 62

52. Which of the following is a feature of the nasal cavity?

Back 62

Features of the nasal cavity:

· Nasal concha (Superior, Middle, Inferior)

· Nasal Meatus (Superior, Middle, Inferior )

Spheno ethmoidal recess

Front 63

52. A 23-year-old man comes to you complaining that he can't stop crying, i.e. tears regularly run down the right side of his face. You suspect that one of the lacrimal ducts on the right side of the face is blocked. You look into an endoscope to see if the nasolacrimal duct is blocked. Into which part of the nasal cavity would you look to see the opening of the duct?

Back 63

Answer: The anterior portion of the inferior nasal meatus

Front 64

64. The communication between the pharynx and the nasal cavity is known as the______.

Back 64

Choanae of the Nasopharynx

Front 65

A 38-year-old patient complained of acute dental pain. The attending dentist found penetrating dental caries (dental decay) affecting one of the mandibular molar teeth. Which nerve would the dentist need to anesthetize to work on that tooth?

Back 65

Ans: Inferior alveolar nerve

Front 66

The teeth and gums separate the oral cavity proper from the:

Back 66

Vestibule

Front 67

Examination of a patient with an ulcerative carcinoma of the posterior third of the tongue revealed bleeding from the lesion and difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). The bleeding was seen to be arterial; which of the following arteries was involved?

Back 67

Answer: DORSAL LINGUAL ARTERIES

Front 68

In the above case, the difficulty in swallowing was due to involvement of which muscle that elevates the tongue?

Back 68

Palatoglossus muscle elevates posterior tongue.

Front 69

A patient is unable to taste a piece of sugar placed on the anterior part of the tongue. Which cranial nerve is most likely to have a lesion?

Back 69

Answer: FACIAL NERVE.

Front 70

Which of the following structures is located in the vestibule of the oral cavity?

Back 70

Cheeks

Lips

Gingiva

parotid duct

Front 71

When one presses the tongue tip against the anterior (incisor) teeth, which of the following muscles must contract?

Back 71

transverse and vertical muscles

Front 72

These muscles of the tongue has no bony attachment, EXCEPT

Back 72

W/ bony attachment:

-genioglossus

-hyoglossus

-styloglossus

-inferior longitudinal

Front 73

In explaining the pain caused by the drilling of a mandibular molar tooth crown to a freshman medical student, a dentist identified the nerve conducting the pain sensations as the:

Back 73

inferior alveolar nerve.

Front 74

The nasal bone articulates with four bones: two of the cranium, the frontal and ethmoid, and two of the face, the opposite nasal bone and the:

Back 74

MAXILLA

Front 75

The maxillae contribute in forming the boundaries of 3 cavities except:

Back 75

Boundaries formed:

=Nasal cavity- floor and lateral wall of nasal septum

=Oral cavity- roof of the mouth

=Orbital cavity- wall of orbit

Front 76

True about the maxilla

Back 76

· The maxillae form the upper jaw.

· Alveolar process includes the tooth sockets and constitute the supporting bone for the maxillary teeth.

· Two maxilla are united at the intermaxillary suture in the median plane.

· Surround mostly the piriform aperture and form the infra-orbital margins medially.

Front 77

During old age, the maxillary bone reverts to the infantile condition due to:

Back 77

Resorption of bone due to tooth extraction causing reduction of size is caused by osteoclastic activity on the maxilla.

Front 78

True of the lacrimal bone

Back 78

· Smallest and most fragile bone of the cranial bones

· Lie anteriorly in the medial walls of the orbits

· Each has 2 surfaces (medial and lateral)

¾ Lateral (orbital) surface is divided by a vertical posterior lacrimal crest

¾ Medial (nasal) surface:

§ Antero-rinferior region is part of the middle meatus

§ Postero-superior part meets the ethmoid to complete some of the anterior ethmoidal cells

· Each has 4 borders (anterior, posterior, superior and inferior)

¾ Anterior border articulates with the frontal process of the maxilla

¾ Posterior border articulates with the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone

¾ Superior border articulates with the frontal bone

¾ Inferior border articulates with the orbital surface of the maxilla

Front 79

This bone is a small and quadrangular bone and forms the prominence of the cheek

Back 79

Answer: Zygomatic bone

Front 80

The zygomatic bone articulates with the following except:

Back 80

Answer:

The zygomatic bones articulate with the:

frontal

sphenoid

temporal bones

maxillae.

Front 81

The palatine bone enters into the formation of 2 fossa except:

Back 81

¾ Pterygopalatine fossa

¾ Pterygoid fossa

¾ Incissive fossa

Front 82

This bone is curled upon itself like a scroll:

Back 82

Ans: nasal concha

Front 83

The nasopalatine groove is found in this bone:

Back 83

Ans: VOMER

Front 84

The largest and the strongest bone of the face

Back 84

Ans: Mandible

Front 85

This fossa gives origin to the mentalis and orbicularis oris

Back 85

Ans: INCISIVE FOSSA of the mandible

Front 86

This tooth is characterized by the presence of a single, prominent cone

Back 86

Ans: Canine

Front 87

The maxillary teeth is supplied by:

Back 87

Ans: Superior alveolar artery which is a branch of the maxillary artery.

Alveolar veins with the same name and distribution accompany the arteries.

Front 88

A 13-year old girl was brought to the dentist due to a huge gap between the central incisors. This may have been caused by:

Back 88

excessively large superior labial frenulum

Front 89

These are present in addition to the normal complement of teeth, they however don't resemble the form or disposition of normal teeth

Back 89

Answer: Accessory teeth

Front 90

MT was involved in a vehicular accident. On radiography, there was a huge horizontal fracture over the maxilla, passing superior to the roots of the teeth, crossing the bony nasal septum.

Back 90

Ans: Le Fort fracture I

Front 91

This type of fracture causes the entire central part of the face to be separated from the rest of the cranium:

Back 91

Ans: Le Fort II fracture

Front 92

L-shaped bone.

Back 92

Ans: palatine bone

Front 93

Define the boundaries of the oral cavity
a. hard palate
b. stylohyoid muscle
c. maxillary and mandibular alveolar arches
d. floor of the tongue

Back 93

c. maxillary and mandibular alveolar arches

Front 94

Oropharyngeal isthmus is lined by?
a. palatoglossus fold
b. palatopharyngeal fold
c. tonsillar fossa
d. tongue

Back 94

d. tongue

Front 95

It separates the respiratory from the digestive tract

a. Hard Palate
b. Soft Palate
c. Both
d. Neither

Back 95

c. both

Front 96

It contains glands

a. Hard Palate
b. Soft Palate
c. Both
d. Neither

Back 96

c. both

Front 97

Forms the uvula

a. Hard Palate
b. Soft Palate
c. Both
d. Neither

Back 97

b. Soft Palate

Front 98

Forms the aponeurosis of the tensor palatini muscle

a. Hard Palate
b. Soft Palate
c. Both
d. Neither

Back 98

b. Soft Palate

Front 99

It separates the mouth from the respiratory tract during suckling

a. Hard Palate
b. Soft Palate
c. Both
d. Neither

Back 99

c. both

Front 100

During dental procedures wherein dentists anesthesize a portion of the hard palate that include the molars, the landmark in the mouth used to apply anesthetic is the?

a. greater palatine foramen
b. lesser palatine foramen
c. incissive fossa
d. floor of the tongue

Back 100

a. greater palatine foramen

Front 101

When you contract the auditory tube, it involves

a. tensor veli palatini muscle
b. levator veli palatini
c. both
d. neither

Back 101

c. both

Front 102

Innervated by vagus nerve

a. tensor veli palatini muscle
b. levator veli palatini
c. both
d. neither

Back 102

b. levator veli palatini

Front 103

Which muscle is innervated by mandibular nerve

a. tensor veli palatini muscle
b. levator veli palatini
c. both
d. neither

Back 103

a. tensor veli palatini muscle

Front 104

From the lateral of auditory tube around hamulus, medial pterygoid becomes the palatine aponeurosis

a. tensor veli palatini muscle
b. levator veli palatini
c. both
d. neither

Back 104

a. tensor veli palatini muscle

Front 105

From the temporal bone to the auditory tube

a. tensor veli palatini muscle
b. levator veli palatini
c. both
d. neither

Back 105

b. levator veli palatini

Front 106

Innervated by the vagus

a. Palatoglossus
b. Palatopharyngeus
c. Both
d. Neither

Back 106

c. Both

Front 107

underlies the anterior faucial pillar

a. Palatoglossus
b. Palatopharyngeus
c. Both
d. Neither

Back 107

a. Palatoglossus

Front 108

Helps elevate the larynx during deglutition

a. Palatoglossus
b. Palatopharyngeus
c. Both
d. Neither

Back 108

b. Palatopharyngeus

Front 109

underlies the posterior faucial pillar

a. Palatoglossus
b. Palatopharyngeus
c. Both
d. Neither

Back 109

b. Palatopharyngeus

Front 110

Closure of the nasopharyngeal isthmus by innervation of vagus nerve during velopharyngeal seal

a. Palatoglossus
b. Palatopharyngeus
c. Both
d. Neither

Back 110

d. Neither

Front 111

Cleft Palate: (Moore p. 949)
a. it is a developmental anomaly that prevents establishment of the velopharyngeal seal
b. surgical correction is necessary
c. both
d. neither

Back 111

c. both

Front 112

Degluttition of throat with your finger causing you to gag is needed by what nerve?
a. Vagus nerve
b. Mandibular nerve
c. Glossopharyngeal nerve
d. Facial nerve

Back 112

c. Glossopharyngeal nerve

Front 113

Taste involving tip tip of the tongue is needed with what nerve?

Back 113

Facial Nerve

Front 114

The genioglossus is a broad shape muscle at the floor of the mouth. Choose the best statement.
a. originates at the styloid process
b. protracts the tongue
c. innervated by vagus
d. all of the above

Back 114

The genioglossus is a broad shape muscle at the floor of the mouth. Choose the best statement.
a. originates at the styloid process- (mental spine of the mandible)
b. protracts the tongue
c. innervated by vagus- (hypoglossal)
d. all of the above

Front 115

Anesthesia of the maxillary premolar teeth can be effected by infiltrating the nerve as it enters the____________________.

Back 115

Answer: the greater palatine foramen

Front 116

A clinical manifestation of a fracture that passes through the left stylomastoid foramen and injures the contained nerve is ______________.

Back 116

Answer: Facial nerve palsy (Bell’s Palsy). Facial paralysis will be manifested on the right side.

Front 117

The articular disk, or meniscus, of the temporomandibular joint is correctly characterized by __________.

Back 117

ü Fibrocartilagenous

ü Attached at its periphery to the internal aspect of the fibrous capsule which creates separate superior and inferior synovial membranes

The articular disk, also known as the meniscus, is a biconcave, fibrocartilaginous structure, which provides the gliding surface for the mandibular condyle, resulting in smooth joint movement. The meniscus has 3 parts—a thick anterior band, a thin intermediate zone, and a thick posterior band. With the mouth closed, the condyle is separated from the articular fossa of the temporal bone by the thick posterior band. When the mouth is open, the condyle is separated from the articular eminence of the temporal bone by the thin intermediate zone.

Front 118

An elderly man has difficulty manipulating food within the oral cavity before swallowing. Physical examination reveals his tongue deviates to the left on protrusion. A CT scan demonstrates an extramedullary mass in the vicinity of the anterior condylar canal. Which of the following muscles remains functional with paralysis of the hypoglossal nerve?

Back 118

depends on question and options. If only one hypoglossal nerve was injured and there is tongue deviation:

ü unaffected Genioglossus muscle on the other side

Rationale: Trauma, such as a fractured mandible, may injure the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII), resulting in paralysis and eventual atrophy of one side of the tongue. The tongue deviates to the paralyzed side during protrusion because of the action of the unaffected genioglossus muscle on the other side. (Moore, p.950, Blue boxes)

if total injury to both hypoglossal nerves, no tongue deviation

ü palatoglossus remains functional because it is innervated by vagus nerve not hypoglossal

Front 119

Innervated by the parasympathetic secretomotor fibers form the facial nerve. What gland?

Back 119

Answer: Submandibular and sublingual glands

lacrimal glands as well

Front 120

The duct of Wharton runs from the anterior end of the deep portion and empties into the oral cavity. What gland?

Back 120

-Submandibular Gland

Front 121

Bartholin's duct. what gland?

Back 121

Sublingual gland

Front 122

Folds around the posterior edge of the myolohyoid muscle. What gland?

Back 122

Answer: Submandibular glands