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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define anisocytosis.
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Varying cell sizes
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Define poikilocytosis
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Varying cell shapes
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From which cells do B cells arise?
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Stem cells in bone marrow
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From which cells do plasma cells differentiate?
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B cells
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How can a Nissl stain be used to differentiate microglia from oligodendroglia?
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Microglia are not discernable in a Nissl stain while oligodendroglia appear as small dark nuclei with dark chromatin
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In what type of CNS tissue (white or grey) are oligodendroglia predominant?
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White matter
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Into what cell type does a monocyte differentiate in tissues?
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Macrophage
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Name 2 substances produced by an eosinophil.
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histiminase and arylsulfatase
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Name the three types of leukocytic granulocytes.
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Basophils
Eosinophils Neutrophils |
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Name the two types of mononuclear leukocytes
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Lymphocytes
Monocytes |
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What are 2 functions of T cell lymphocytes?
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Cellular immunity
Regulation of B cells and macrophages |
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What are 2 morphological features of microglia?
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- Small irregular nuclei
- Relatively little cytoplasm |
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What are 3 examples of peripheral lymphoid tissue?
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- follicles of lymph nodes
- white pulp of spleen - unencapsulated lymphoid tissue |
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What are 3 functions of a macrophage?
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- pagocytosis of bacteria, cell debris, and senescent red cells
- scavenges damaged cells and tissues - can function as an antigen presenting cell |
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What are 3 morphological characteristics of monocytes?
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- Large
- Kidney shaped nucleus - Extensive "frosted glass" cytoplasm |
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What are 4 characteristics of the plasma cell morphology?
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- Off center nucleus
- Clock face chromatin distribution - Abundant RER - Well developed Golgi apparatus |
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What are 4 morphologic characteristics of lymphocytes?
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- Round
- Small - Densely staining nucleus - Small amount of pale cytoplasm |
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What are 4 substances contained within the lysosomes of neutrophils?
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- Hydrolytic enzymes
- Myeloperoxidase - Lysozyme - Lactoferrin |
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What are 4 types of cells into which T cells differentiate?
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- Cytotoxic cells - CD8, MHCI
- Helper T cells - CD$, MHCII - Suppressor T cells - Delayed hypersensitivity T cells |
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What are the 5 important causes for eosinophilia in humans?
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- Neoplastic process
- Asthma - Allergy - Collagen vascular disease - Parasites Mnemonic NAACP |
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What are the blood cell diffenentiation names of the ACTIVE T CELL line beginning with the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell? (4)
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- Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell - Lymphoblast - T cell - Active T cell
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What are the blood cell differentiation names of the ERYTHROCYTE cell line beginning with pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell? (4)
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- Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell - Proerythroblast - Reticulocyte - Erythrocyte
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What are the blood cell differentiation names of the MONOCYTE cell lines beginning with the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell? (3)
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- Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell - Mono blast - Monocyte
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What are the blood cell differentiation names of the NEUTROPHIL, EOSINOPHIL, and BASOPHIL cell lines beginning with the myeloblast stage? (6)
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- Myeloblast - Promyelocyte - Myelocyte - Metamyelocyte - Stab cell - Neutrophil, eosinophil or basophil
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What are the blood cell differentiation names of the PLASMA CELL line beginning with the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell? (4)
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- Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell - Lymphoblast - B cell - Plasma cell
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What are the blood cell differentiation names of the PLATELET CELL line beginning with the hematopoietic stem cell? (4)
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- Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell - Megakaryoblast - Megakaryocyte - Platelets
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What are the components of the air-blood barrier?
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Type I pneumocyte --> Tight junction --> Endothelial cell
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What are the steps of maturation of a B cell? (2 points)
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Maturation in bone marrow
Migration to peripheral lymphoid tissue |
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What are the substances contained within the densly basophilic granules of the basophil? (4)
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- Heparine
- Histamine - Vasoactive amines - Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis |
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What are two basic morphological characteristics of neutrophils?
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- Multilobed nucleus
- Specific azurophilic granules (lysosomes) |
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What are two important functions of neutrophil
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Acute inflammatory reaction
Phagocytosis |
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What are two names for an increased number of red cells?
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Erythrocytosis
Polycythemia |
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What cell type closely resembles a mast cell?
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Basophil
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What cranial nerves are commonly involved in an acoustic neuroma?
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CN VII, VIII (association with internal acoustic meatus)
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What disease is characterized by destruction of oligodendroglia?
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Multiple sclerosis
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What does CD stand for?
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cluster of differentiation
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What drug prevents mast cell degranulation?
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Cromolyn sodium
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What immunoglobulin can bind to the membrane of a mast cell?
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IgE
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What is a reticulocyte?
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Immature erythrocyte
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What is an important example of a Schwannoma?
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Acoustic neuroma
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What is another name for pulmonary sufractant?
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DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine)
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What is percentage of leukocytes in the blood exist as basophils?
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less than 1%
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What is the 'gap' between the myelination segment of 2 Schwann cells called?
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Node of Ranvier
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What is the advantage of the large surface area:volume ratio in erythrocytes?
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easy gas exchange (Oxygen and Carbon dioxide)
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What is the basic morphologic structure of an erythrocyte?
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Anucleate, biconcave
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What is the basic morphology of an eosinophil? (2 things)
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- bilobate nucleus
- large eosinophilic granules |
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What is the embryologic origin of microglia?
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Mesoderm
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What is the function of Interferon gamma with relation to macrophages?
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Macrophage activation
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What is the function of microglia?
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Phagocytosis in CNS
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What is the function of oligodendroglia?
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Myelination in CNS
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