Anatomy

Front 1

what is anatomy?

Back 1

the branch of sicence that studies body parts

Front 2

what is physiology?

Back 2

the branch of science that studies the function on body parts

Front 3

what is homeostasis?

Back 3

a constant internal environment

Front 4

negative feedback loop

Back 4

mechanism used to maintain the internal environment

Front 5

2 major body cavities

Back 5

dorsal and ventral

Front 6

cavity that surrounds the lungs

cavity that surrounds the heart

Back 6

pulral cavity

pericardial cavity

Front 7

most superior ventral body cavity

Back 7

thorasic cavity

Front 8

separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Back 8

diaphram

Front 9

1. superior
2. inferior
3. medial
4. lateral

Back 9

1. top
2. below
3. middle
4. side

Front 10

divides the body into left and right halves

Back 10

sagital plane

Front 11

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Back 11

coronal plane

Front 12

divides the body into superior and inferior sections

Back 12

transverse plane

Front 13

what are the 2 dorsal cavities?

Back 13

crainal cavity- brain
vertebral cavity- spinal cord

Front 14

what are the 2 ventral cavities?

Back 14

thoracic cavity- plural
pericardial
abdominopelvic- abdomin (organs)
pelvic (repro)

Front 15

what are the 5 levels of organization?

Back 15

1. molecular
2. cellular
3. tissue
4. organ
5. organ system

Front 16

what are the 4 types of tissues?

Back 16

1. muscle
2. nerve
3. connective
4. epithelial

Front 17

what are the 10 organ systems

Back 17

cardovascular, nervous, digestive, skeletal, muscular, urinary, reproducitve, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, integumentary

Front 18

what are the functions of the
1. nervous system
2. digestive system
3. skeletal system

Back 18

1. sense, interperate, respond
2. breakdown food
3. structure and support

Front 19

what are the functions of the
1. muscular system
2. urinary system
3. reproductive system

Back 19

1. movement
2. remove metabolic waste
3. produce sex cells

Front 20

what are the functions of
1. respiratory system
2. endocirne system
3. lymphatic system
4. integumentary system

Back 20

1. breathing
2. hormones
3. body defences
4. skin

Front 21

what is the function of connective tissue

Back 21

extra cellular matrix
1. loose connective- adipose
2. dense- cartilage
in bone and blood (plasma)

Front 22

what is the 3 types of muscle tissue

Back 22

1. cardiac
2. skeletal
3. smooth

Front 23

what is the function of epithelial tissue

Back 23

protection, lining

Front 24

what is the function of nervous tissue

Back 24

neurons- transmitters
neurogliat- support

Front 25

anatomy of the long bone

Back 25

longer than it is wide
diaphysis = shaft
epiphses = bone ends
yellow marrow- storage of lipids and fats
articulatar cartilage-covers epiphses

Front 26

what are the 4 types of bones

Back 26

long
short
flat
irregular

Front 27

what are the 4 types of fractures

Back 27

simple- break w/o soft tissue damage
compund- breaks through tissue (always complete)
spiral- twisting motion
greenstick- partial break

Front 28

how does a fracture heal

Back 28

1. hemotoma forms b/c blood vessles get ruptured (bruise)
2. fibrocartilage callus
3. bony callus
4. formation of bone
a. osteoclasts - destroyers
b. osteoblasts- producers
c. ostercytes- bone cells

Front 29

what are the 5 types of joints

Back 29

hinge, ball and socket, piviot, gliding, saddle

Front 30

what is
1. flexion
2. extension
3. rotation
4. circumduction
5. abduction
6. adduction
7. inversion
8. eversion
9. pronation
10. supination

Back 30

1. angle between joints decreases parts come closer together
2. straightening parts
3. moving part around axis
4. circular path (neck)
5. moving part away from middle
6. moving part toward middle
7. turing sole to middle
8. turing sole outward
9. palm faces downward
10. plam faces upward

Front 31

what is muscle fatigue

Back 31

inability to maintain contraction. build up of lactic acid

Front 32

what is oxygen debt

Back 32

amount of oxygen ecessary to break down lactic acid

Front 33

where is the musicl origin and insertion

Back 33

insertion is the more fixed point of attachment
insertion is the more moveable point of attachment muscle action pulls insertion toward the origin

Front 34

what are the 7 ways that muscles are named

Back 34

1. direction
2. location
3. size
4. number or origins
5. shape
6. origin and insertion location
7. action

Front 35

what are the 3types of muscle tissue and where are they located

Back 35

*cardiac- striated, uninucleate, involuntary
*skeletal- attached to bone/skin, long fibers, multinucleate, striated, voluntary
*smooth- walls of hollow visceral organs, uninucleate, unstriated, involuntary

Front 36

how does a muscle contract

Back 36

AChE removes ACh from the muscle fiber receptors --> relaxation

Front 37

what is a synapse

Back 37

region where one axon ending of one neuron meets, but does not touch a dendrite of another neuron

Front 38

what is a neurotransmitter

Back 38

chemical messenger

Front 39

what is a reflex and reflex arc

Back 39

reflex- automatic, involuntary response to change inside or outside the body
reflex arc- consisting of sensory neuron, interneuron and motor neuron

Front 40

what is the function of the cns and pns

Back 40

cns- the integrating and command center of the nervous system
pns- communication lines linking all parts of the body to the cns

Front 41

what is the relationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Back 41

they bring about opposite effects on the activity of the same organs. what one thing stimulates the other inhibits

Front 42

what are the 3 types of meninges and where are they located

Back 42

dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater. they enclose the brain and spinal cord

Front 43

what is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid

Back 43

forms a liquid cushion, prevents brain from crushing under its own weight