Anatomy 4 Final

Front 1

Which of the following would cause a form of conductive deafness

Back 1

torn tympanic membrane

Front 2

The lens of the eye thickens when the

Back 2

ciliary muscles contract

Front 3

The phrenic nerves arise from the

Back 3

cervical plexuses

Front 4

Pain receptors differ from other somatic receptors by

Back 4

adapting very little if at all

Front 5

Muscle spindle receptors are stimulated more when

Back 5

muscles become relaxed and stretched

Front 6

Muscle spindle receptors are stimulated more when

Back 6

muscles become relaxed and stretched

Front 7

the corticospinal tracts function in the control of the

Back 7

voluntary muscle movements

Front 8

The hearing receptors are most closely associated with the

Back 8

ogran of corti

Front 9

The cranial nerve associated with the gag reflex is the

Back 9

glossopharangeal

Front 10

If you enter a room and smell a strong odor but the odor seems to fade away, you have exoerienced

Back 10

sensory adaptation

Front 11

The branch of the trigeminal nerve most commonly associated with trigeminal neuralgia is

Back 11

maxillary

Front 12

The somatic nervous system consists of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to the ______, whereas the automomic nervous system consists of fibers that connect the_______

Back 12

skin and skeletal muscles;CNS to the visceral organs

Front 13

Which of the following best describes the reason that some people in need of treatment fail to indergo cornea transplantation?

Back 13

lack of donor tissue

Front 14

Which of the following is not a primary taste sensation

Back 14

pungent

Front 15

the range of human hearing is about

Back 15

20-20,000 vibrations per second

Front 16

Sensorineural deafness may be due to

Back 16

excessively loud sounds

Front 17

As a result of the typanic reflex,

Back 17

vibrations are transmitted less effectively to the inner ear

Front 18

Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye

Back 18

the retina

Front 19

Light is refracted when it passes

Back 19

between media of different optical densities at an oblique angle

Front 20

Sensory impulses are stimulated at receptors by

Back 20

changes in action potentials

Front 21

Night blindness is most commonly caused by

Back 21

an improper diet

Front 22

Pain receptors

Back 22

are generally stimulated by factors that can cause tissue damage

Front 23

Stereoscopic vision results when the

Back 23

images in the eyes are different

Front 24

The condition called spina bifida is characterized by

Back 24

abnormality in neural tube development, open vertebral column, exposed sponal cord

Front 25

Visual sensations from images focused on the side of the retina tend to be blurred because

Back 25

there are more rods than cones in this region

Front 26

The sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to lights that are

Back 26

red, green and blue

Front 27

The preessure of cerebrospinal fluid is usually measured by introducing a hollow needle into the subarachnoid space between

Back 27

lumbar vertebrae

Front 28

WHich of the following are generally adrenergic fibers

Back 28

sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Front 29

If a person's right visual cortex is damaged, the injury will most likely affect vision from the

Back 29

nasal side of one eye and the temperal side of the other eye

Front 30

Worldwide blindness is most commonly caused by changes in the

Back 30

cornea

Front 31

Alpha adrenergic receptors are stimulated by norepinephrine whereas beta adrenergic receptors are stimulated by epinephrine and norepineephrine

Back 31

True

Front 32

Sound vibrations are passed from the malleus to the stapes tot eh incus

Back 32

false

Front 33

The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors associated witht he sense of dynamic equilibrium

Back 33

false

Front 34

Nerve impulses from taste receptors can travel in the facial glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve

Back 34

True

Front 35

Carpal tunnel syndrome involves both the ulnar and median nerves

Back 35

False

Front 36

The auditory ossicles are located within the inner ear

Back 36

False

Front 37

Astigmatism is characterized by an eliptical curvature rather than a spherical curvature of the cornea or the lens

Back 37

True

Front 38

Autonomic ganglia provide a degree of independence from the central nervous system by integrating motor impulses before they are relayed to visceral organs

Back 38

Trus

Front 39

The neuropeptides enkephalins and endorphins function to relieve pain by working on specific sites in the brain to destroy the pain impulses

Back 39

False

Front 40

Sympathetic tone is defined as continuous stimulation of smooth muscles in the walls of blood vessels which results in partial constriction

Back 40

true

Front 41

the taste of food will be the same whether a person has a cold or not

Back 41

false

Front 42

Rods are more sensitive to light than cones but cones are more important for color vision

Back 42

true

Front 43

WHen the radial muscles of the iris contract the diameter of the pupil decreases

Back 43

false

Front 44

Endorphins are neuropeptides that have morphinelike actions

Back 44

true

Front 45

Nerve tracts other than the corticospinal tracts that transmit motor impulses into the spinal cord are called extrapyramidal tracts

Back 45

true

Front 46

the entire outer tunic of the eye is richly supplied with nerve endings for pain reception

Back 46

False

Front 47

Sometimes an infection a tumor or a blood clot may interfere with the circulation of cerebralspinal fluid thereby causing a drop in its pressure

Back 47

true

Front 48

Olfactory, optic, vestibulocochlear

Back 48

sensory cranial nerves

Front 49

Occulomotor, trochlear, abducens, accessory, hypoglossal

Back 49

primarily motor cranial nerves

Front 50

trigeminal facial, glossopharyngeal,vagus

Back 50

cranial nerves containing both sensory and motor fibers

Front 51

Cervical plexus

Back 51

phrenic nerve

Front 52

Brachial plexus

Back 52

radial nerve

Front 53

Lumbosacral plexus

Back 53

femoral nerve

Front 54

dorsal root

Back 54

sensory roots

Front 55

ventral root

Back 55

motor root

Front 56

eyelids and lacrimal apparatus

Back 56

conjunctiva is associated with these structures

Front 57

ciliary body

Back 57

lens becomes thin and focused for distant vision when fibers of this structure relax

Front 58

retina

Back 58

contains the visual receptor cells

Front 59

aqueous humor

Back 59

secreted by ciliary body and aids in maintaining the shape of the front of the eye

Front 60

lens

Back 60

most important refractive strucutre after light waves pass throught he cornea

Front 61

optic disk

Back 61

region of the inner tunic that lacks receptors

Front 62

iris

Back 62

controls the size of the pupil

Front 63

stereoscopic vision

Back 63

involves depth perception

Front 64

superior rectus

Back 64

extrinsic muscles of the eye

Front 65

strabismus

Back 65

uncordinated eye movements

Front 66

The sensory receptors associated with the semicircular canals are located in swellings called

Back 66

ampulla

Front 67

The ____ plexuses of the spinal nerves are located between the neck and the axillae

Back 67

brachial

Front 68

The fovea centralis

Back 68

is the region of sharpest vision within the retina

Front 69

The______division of the automic nervous system functions mainly to prepare the body for energy-expanding, stressful situations

Back 69

sympathetic

Front 70

Nerve fibers of the _______division of the autonomic nervous system arise from the brain stem and the sacral region of the spinal cord

Back 70

parasympathetic

Front 71

The ______root of a spinal nerve consists entirely of motor neruon axons

Back 71

ventral

Front 72

The anterior branches of the thoracic spinal nerves give rise to the

Back 72

costal nerves

Front 73

Which neurons tend to conduct impulses most rapidly

Back 73

motor

Front 74

Temperment as demonstrated by the 3 measurable aspects

Back 74

neurotransmitters

Front 75

brachial plexus

Back 75

musculocutaneous, ulnar, radial, median, axillary, and dorsal scapular nerves

Front 76

thoracic plexus

Back 76

does not exsist

Front 77

Lumbosacral plexus

Back 77

obdurator, femoral, sciatic, and pudendal nerves

Front 78

olfactory, optic and vestibulocochlear

Back 78

sensory cranial nerves

Front 79

oculomotor, trochlear, aducens, accessory, hypoglossal

Back 79

primary motor cranial nerves

Front 80

trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal,vagus

Back 80

cranial nerves containing both sensory and motor fibers

Front 81

flexors of the forearm

Back 81

innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve

Front 82

Quadriceps femoris

Back 82

innervated by the femoral nerve

Front 83

Pectoralis major and minor

Back 83

innervated by the pectoral nerve

Front 84

Brachioradialis

Back 84

innervated by the radial nerve

Front 85

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 85

innervated by the ulnar nerve

Front 86

The vagus nerves carry about_____percent of all parasympathetic fibers

Back 86

75

Front 87

Which came first in evolution, development of a sense of equilibrium or ability to hear?

Back 87

sense of equilibrium

Front 88

What physical action assists in licating the source of a sound?

Back 88

turning the head

Front 89

The______connects the middle ear with the throat

Back 89

auditory canal

Front 90

Describe 2 mechanisms by which the middle ear functions as an amplifier

Back 90

The tympanic membrane, the functions of the malleus, incus and stapes

Front 91

The sensory receptors associated with the semicircular canals are located in swellings called

Back 91

ampulla

Front 92

What allows the deaf individual to respond to sounds such as music?

Back 92

vibrations

Front 93

Which of the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve;opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular is most likely to be involved in trigeminal neuralgia?

Back 93

maxillary

Front 94

the transparent anterior portion of the eye's outer tunic is called the

Back 94

cornea

Front 95

A substance with a sour taste probably contains

Back 95

citric acid

Front 96

The sensory receptors associated with the semicircular canals are located in swellings called

Back 96

ampulla

Front 97

What allows the deaf individual to respond to sounds such as music?

Back 97

vibrations

Front 98

Which of the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve;opthalmic, maxillary and mandibular is most likely to be involved in trigeminal neuralgia?

Back 98

maxillary

Front 99

the transparent anterior portion of the eye's outer tunic is called the

Back 99

cornea

Front 100

A substance with a sour taste probably contains

Back 100

citric acid

Front 101

the sciatic nerve splits above the popliteal fossa to give rise to the ----and ---nerves

Back 101

peroneal
tibial

Front 102

the anterior branches of the thoracic spinal nerves gives rise to the ----nerves

Back 102

intercostal

Front 103

the anterior portion of the thigh is innervated by the ------nerve

Back 103

femoral

Front 104

after traveling through the olfactory bulbs nerve impulses pass along the ------to the olfactory interpreting centers

Back 104

olfactory canal

Front 105

pain that feels like it is coming from a part other than ther part being stimulated is called

Back 105

referral

Front 106

the ----plexuses of the spinal nerves are located between the neck and the axillae

Back 106

brachial

Front 107

why is it surprising that humans have only 7 million cones in contrast to 125 million rods as visual receptors in the retina

Back 107

because of the amount of color we see and the sharpness of vision we have

Front 108

why are individuals with dilated pupils perceived as more attractive than individuals with constricted pupils

Back 108

they appear to be more interested or inviting

Front 109

constriction of the pupil is controlled by the ---nerve

Back 109

oculomotor

Front 110

visual sensations from images focused on the side of the retina tend to be blurred because

Back 110

there are more rods than cones in this region

Front 111

which of the following cranial nerves conducts sensory impulses from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

Back 111

facial

Front 112

conductive deafness may be caused by

Back 112

damaged auditory ossicles

Front 113

The condition in which some portions of an image are in focus on the retina and other portions are blurred is called

Back 113

antistigmatism

Front 114

WHich of the following are generally adrenergic fibers

Back 114

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers

Front 115

the interference with vision and the feeling of numbness in the limbs experienced by a person with a migraine is probably caused by

Back 115

cerebral blood deficiency

Front 116

the process by which the brain casues sensation to seem to come from the stimulated receptors is

Back 116

projection

Front 117

which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye

Back 117

the retina

Front 118

as they extend from the retina to the brain the nerve fibers

Back 118

from the nasal half of each retina cross over

Front 119

osteosclerosis is a condition involving the

Back 119

auditory ossicles

Front 120

the disorder called glaucoma is usually caused by

Back 120

excessive accumulation of aqueous humor

Front 121

THe process by which the brain causes a sensation to seem to come from the stimulated receptors is

Back 121

projection

Front 122

osteosclerosis is a condition involving the

Back 122

auditory ossicles

Front 123

The disorder called glaucoma is usually caused by

Back 123

excessive accumulation of aqueous humor

Front 124

The cranial nerve associated with Bell's' palsy is the

Back 124

facial

Front 125

Which vertebra would mark the end of the spinal crds?

Back 125

L1

Front 126

THe condition called farsightedness of age is caused by

Back 126

loss of lens capsule elasticity

Front 127

The olfactory receptors are examples of

Back 127

chemoreceptors

Front 128

A chochlear implant is most likely to be used for the treatment of

Back 128

Sensorineural deafness

Front 129

Treatment for cataract usually involves removal of the

Back 129

lens

Front 130

sensory adaptation occurs when

Back 130

continuous stimulation of a receptor results in it completely failing to send signals to the brain

Front 131

Rhodopsin is found in

Back 131

rod cells

Front 132

When entering a dark room on a sunny day, why does it take some time to see in the dark room

Back 132

it takes some time for the retina to rebuild its rhodopsin stores from scotopsin and retinene

Front 133

Anosmia is a condition in which there is a loss of

Back 133

smell

Front 134

Blowing the nose improperly may cause an infection within the auditory tube to spread into the

Back 134

middle ear

Front 135

If the retina becomes detached, there is danger that the receptor cells will dies because of

Back 135

a lack of oxygen and nutrients

Front 136

The 2 major types of cholinergic receptors are muscarinic and nicotinic

Back 136

true

Front 137

The optic disk is located medial to the fovea centralis and is the site from which nerve fibers from the retina leave the eye and become a part of the optic nerve

Back 137

true

Front 138

nearsightedness is characterized by the eyeball being too long and the point of focus is behind the retina

Back 138

false

Front 139

rhodopsin is broken down by light

Back 139

true

Front 140

presbyopia or loss of elasticity of the lens results in a person being able to focus only on distant object

Back 140

true

Front 141

spinal nerves are grouped and named according to function

Back 141

false

Front 142

crossing over of optic nerve fibers occurs in the thalamus

Back 142

false

Front 143

The chemical compounds perceived by the vomernasal organ are similar in composition to those perceived by the olfactory apparatus

Back 143

false

Front 144

The most sensitice areas of the body command the largest areas of the sensory cortex;lips, fingers, thumbs, and toes accoundt for as much sensory cortex as the rest of the body put togethers

Back 144

true

Front 145

THe conjunctiva is a layer of tissue that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and covers the anterior surface of the eye

Back 145

true

Front 146

The spinal nerves in the thoracic and lumbar regions have a visceral branch that gives rise to the sympathetic autonomic nervous system

Back 146

true

Front 147

The epineurium is composed of nervous tissue

Back 147

false

Front 148

The stapes transmits vibrations to the round window of the inner ear

Back 148

false

Front 149

the most common cause of blindness in the industrialized west is diabetic retinopathy

Back 149

true

Front 150

When all three sets of cones are stimulated a person senses white light

Back 150

True

Front 151

Blue eyes provide better distant vision in couldy conditions

Back 151

truee

Front 152

The loudest sound we can hear is only about one thousand times as loud as the quietest

Back 152

false

Front 153

Dynamic equilibrium is dependant upon a difference in viscosity of the endolymph and perilymph

Back 153

true

Front 154

The trigeminal nerves are the largest of the cranial nerves

Back 154

true

Front 155

Auditory tubes function to equalize pressure in the throat with that in the middle ear but also are sites where bacteria can pass into the middle ear and cause infection

Back 155

true

Front 156

Pain sensations arising from visceral organs may be caused by the stretching of tissues

Back 156

true

Front 157

auditory ossicles

Back 157

tympanic reflex causes these structures to become more rigid

Front 158

osseos labyrinth

Back 158

bony canal in the temporal bone

Front 159

cochlear duct

Back 159

filled with endolymph and lies between 2 bony compartments

Front 160

organ of corti

Back 160

located on the upper surface of the basilar membrane;contains hair cells arranged in rows

Front 161

hair cells

Back 161

hearing receptor cells stimulated when tectorial membrane rubs against them

Front 162

facial nerve

Back 162

transmits sensory impulses from taste receptors

Front 163

Trochlear nerve

Back 163

transmits motor impulses to eye muscles

Front 164

vagus nerve

Back 164

transmits motor impulses to the heart

Front 165

accessory nerve

Back 165

transmits motor impulses to the larynx and pharynx

Front 166

vestibulochochlear nerve

Back 166

transmits sensory impulses from the organs of equilibrium

Front 167

cervical plexus

Back 167

phrenic nerve

Front 168

brachial plexus

Back 168

radial nerve

Front 169

lumbosacral plexus

Back 169

femoral nerve

Front 170

dorsal root

Back 170

sensory root

Front 171

ventral root

Back 171

motor root

Front 172

stapedius

Back 172

muscle attached to the stapes

Front 173

endolymph

Back 173

fluid of the membranous labyrinth

Front 174

macula

Back 174

contains receptors for static equilibrium

Front 175

scala vestibuli

Back 175

bony canal within the cochlea

Front 176

crista apullaris

Back 176

contains receptos for dynamic equilibrium

Front 177

cauda equina

Back 177

group of nerves at the end of the spinal cord

Front 178

cholinergic fibers

Back 178

secrete acetycholine

Front 179

proprioceptors

Back 179

provide sensory impulses from muscles and tendons

Front 180

brachial plexus

Back 180

recombined network spinal nerves

Front 181

sciatic nerve

Back 181

longest nerve in the body

Front 182

The trasparent aterior portion of the eyes outer tunic is called the

Back 182

cornea

Front 183

The interference with vision and the feeling of numbness in the limbs experienced by a person with a migrain is probably caused by

Back 183

cerebral blood deficiency

Front 184

The condition in which some potions of an image are in focus on the retina and other potions are blurred is called

Back 184

astigmatism

Front 185

The golgi tendon organ is stimulated more when

Back 185

muscle tension increases

Front 186

Which of the following are paired correctly

Back 186

all of these

Front 187

The olfactory organs function can be described as

Back 187

aiding in food selection

Front 188

A sensation is ____and projection of a sensation is the -------

Back 188

a feeling that results from sesory stimulation ;brain causing it to seem to come from the receptors being stimulated

Front 189

taste receptors are

Back 189

modified epthelial cells

Front 190

Tears contain an enzyme that functions to reduce the chances of developping an eye infection

Back 190

true

Front 191

Individuals of Asian heritage have significantly less apocrine glands in the axilla

Back 191

true

Front 192

THe chemical compounds perceived by the vomernasal organ are similar in composition to those perceived by the olfactory apparatus

Back 192

false

Front 193

Free nerve ending

Back 193

receptor for pain

Front 194

Pacinian corpsucle

Back 194

receptor for heavy pressure

Front 195

probprioceptor

Back 195

receptor for changes in muscle tension

Front 196

Meissnes's corpuscle

Back 196

receptor for texture

Front 197

receptor for light energy

Back 197

photoreceptor

Front 198

The ____ is the region of sharpest vision within the retina

Back 198

fovea centralis

Front 199

Why are we more concerned about injury to peripheral nerves that pass doen the extremities than to those that pass through the torso

Back 199

because nerves in the torso are more protected and thus less likely to be injured than peripheral nerves which affect many motor junctions of the body

Front 200

The spinothalamic tract conducts impulses

Back 200

up the spinal cord to the thalamus

Front 201

The structure of the spinal cord can be described as

Back 201

all of these

Front 202

The area of skin supplied by sensory nerve fibers from a particular dorsal root is called a

Back 202

dermatone

Front 203

WHich of the following are descending tracts in the spinal cord

Back 203

the fasciculus gracilis