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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 5 Basic Skin Fuctions.
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1. Keeps water and other molecules in and out of body.
2. Insulates and cushions the deeper body organs and protects te entire body. 3. regulates heat loss/body temperature. 4. Aids in exretion of urea and uric acid 5. Synthesizes Vitamin D. |
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Name the two kinds of skin tissue.
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Epidermis and Dermis
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the epidermis is made up of what kind of epithelium?
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stratified squamous
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the dermis is made up of what kind of tissue?
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dense connective tissue
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what is the name of hte 5 zones of the epidermis
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strata
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name the five layers from inside to outside
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stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
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What are most cells of the epidermis called?
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keratinocytes
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Keratinocytes produce?
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keratin- the fibrous protein that makes the epidermis tough
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The stratum corneum is made of ________ layers
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20-30 cell layers
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what is the function of the stratum corneum
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protects deeper cells from the hostile external environment
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What is melanin?
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A pigment that ranges in color from yellow to brown to black
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What produces melanin? Where?
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melanocytes, stratum basale
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Why is melanin important?
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it forms a pitment umbrella to protect from sunlight
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What are the two regions of the dremis and where are they in relation to one another?
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papillary(upper), and reticular (lower)
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what does the papillary consist of and what are they responsible for?
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dermal papillae, fingerprints
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What does the reticular layer contain?
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blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and deep pressure receptors
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Both _______ and _______ fibers are found throughout the dermis
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collagin and elastic
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What are the 3 pigments that contribute to skin color?
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melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
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redness is also called? and is caused by?
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erythema, fever, hypertension, inflammation, or allergy
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pallor is also called? caused by?
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blanching, anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood flow
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a yellow cast is also called? caused by?
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jaundice, liver disorder
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bruises occur when?
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blood has escaped from the circulation and has clotted in the tissue spaces
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what are the three skin appendages?
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cutaneous glands, hair and hair follicles, and nails
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the two types of cutaneous glands are ?
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sebaceous glands and sweat glands
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Where are sebaceous glands found?
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all over the skin except the palms of hands and soles of feet
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What is the oily product of the sebacesou glands?
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sebum
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what are functions of the sebum?
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keep skin soft and moist, kill bacteria
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active infection caused by blocking of sebaceous glands
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acne
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two types of sweat glands?
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eccrine and apocrine
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where are eccrine glands found? what do they produce?
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all over the body, water, salt, vitamin C, metabolic wastes, lactic acid
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what is the importance of sweat being acidic?
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inhibits growth of bacteria
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eccrine glands help regulate body temperature by
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nerve endings that secrete sweat when external temperature is hight
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apocrine glands are found where?
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axillary and genital areas
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what are the secretions of apocrine glands?
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fatty acids, proteins
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Hair is produced by?
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hair bulb/hair follicle
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what does hair consist of?
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hard karatonized cells
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what are the layers starting from the inside?
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central medulla, cortex, cuticle
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what is the part of the hair enclosed in teh folicle
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root
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what is the part of hair projecting from the scalp
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shaft
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what are arrector pili?
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small bands of smooth muscle closely associeated witht he hair follicle
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arrector pili cause...
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goosebumps
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nails are heavily________
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keratonized
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nails are a scale like modification of the ______
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epidermis
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each nail ahs three parts:
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free edge, body, and root
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what are nail folds?
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borders of the anil that are overlapped by skin folds
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what is the cuticle?
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the thick proximal nail fold
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the stratum basale of the epidermis extends beneath the nail as the ______________
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nail bed
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what is the thickened proximal area of the nail bed
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nail matrix which is responsible for growth
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the part of the nail that appears as a white crescent
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lumula
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what provides pigment for hair color?
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melanocytes
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what surrounds the hair root?
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dermal and epidermal sheath
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what is the eponychium?
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proximal nail fold that projects onto nail body
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