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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Superior (give an example)
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'Up' in terms of the direction of the head. Eg: The victims nose is superior to their mouth.
Even if the victim was lying on their head, the nose would still be superior, as we always imagine their body as if they're lying on an autopsy table. |
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Inferior (give an example)
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'Down' in terms of the direction of the feet. Eg: The knee is inferior to hip.
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Anterior (give an example)
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Also known as Ventral. The terms used for the front side of the body. Eg: Your chest if anterior to your back.
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Posterior (give an example)
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Also known as Dorsal. The terms used for the back side of the body. Eg: Your bottom is posterior to your chest.
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Ipsilateral (give an example)
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The term used to describe features on the same side of the body. Eg: The appendix and gall-bladder are both on the same side of the body.
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Contralateral (give an example)
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The term used to describe features on the opposite side of the body. Eg: The spleen and the liver are contralateral (on opposite sides of the body).
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Sagittal Plane
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The generic term (as there are two sub-types) for dividing the body or organs in right and left sections (cutting them in half).
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Mid-sagittal plane
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The term used when dividing the body or organs into EQUAL halves.
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Parasagittal
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The term used when dividing the body or organs into UNEQUAL halves.
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Frontal (coronal) plane
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The plane of dividing the body or organs into anterior and posterior sections (cutting the body in half vertical/long ways).
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Transverse (horizontal/cross-sectional) plane
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The plane of diving the body into superior and anterior sections (cutting the body in half horizontally/short ways).
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Oblique plane
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This plane passes through the body at an angle (not vertical or horizontal) dividing it into unequal sections. Eg: Cutting foot off at an angle.
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Body Cavities
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Confined spaces (restricted) within in the body that are fluid filled and contain internal organs that are separated by either bone or muscle. The body cavities are divided into two: the Dorsal and Ventral cavities.
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Dorsal body cavity
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Dorsal refers to the posterior nature of the cavity and is subdivided:
1. Cranial Cavity 2. Vertebral Canal |
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Cranial cavity
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Bones that make up the skull and protect the brain. The skull has 22 bones: 8 cranial, 1 frontal, 2 temporal, 2 parietal, 1 occipital, 1 sphenoid and ethmoid bones
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Vertebral canal
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Bones that make up the spine and protect the spinal cord. There are 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 sacral, 5 lumbar and 4 (x1) coccyx. The 4 individual coccyx are fused together by the age of 30.
The vertebrae are numbered from top to bottom |
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Ventral body cavity
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Ventral refers to the anterior nature of the cavity and is subdivided:
1. Thoracic cavity 2. Abdominopelvic cavity |
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Thoracic cavity
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The chest cavity. The thoracic cavity is divided into two:
1. Two Pleural Cavities (the lungs) 2. Mediastinum (area medial to the lungs) |
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Two pleural cavities
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The space between the lungs, a serous membrane (a membrane that lines internal cavities) called the pleura in this case.
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Mediastinum
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The area medial to the lungs. Contains all the organs in the thoracic cavity EXCEPT for the lungs (thymus gland, trachea, pericardial cavity- contains the heart).
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Abdominopelvic cavity
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There is no physical barrier, but the diaphragm separates the thoracic cavity to this one. This cavity is separated into two:
1. Abdominal cavity 2. Pelvic cavity |
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Abdominal cavity
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Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, small and large intestines. The kidneys are NOT in this cavity as they sit outside of the serous membrane.
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Pelvic cavity
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Contains the urinary bladder, the lower portion of the large intestine and the internal organs of reproduction.
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The skeletal system
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There are 206 bones in the body. The skeletal system is split into two:
1. Axial skeleton 2. Appendicular skeleton |
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Name the facial bones
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There are 14 facial bones: 2 nasal, 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic, 1 Mandible, 2 Lacrimal, 2 palatine, 1 inferior nasal conchae and vomer.
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Bones of arms
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Humerus (upper arm)
Radius & UIna (lower arm) Carpels (8 bones of wrist) Metacarpels (5 bones in upper hand) Phalanges (14 bones of fingers) |
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Bones of legs
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Femur (upper leg)
Patella (knee cap) Tibia and Fibula (lower leg) Tarsals (7 bones of ankle) 5 Metatarsals and 14 phalanges |
