Anatomy 35 Final

Front 1

The CNS has 2 portions of the brain which are:

Back 1

Encephalon and Spinal Cord

Front 2

Parts of the Encephalon

Back 2

1 Prosencephalon
2 Mesencephalon
3 Rhombencephalon

Front 3

Prosencephalon divides into

Back 3

1 Telencephalon (forebrain)
2 Diencephalon (between brain)

Front 4

Rhombencephalon divides into

Back 4

1 Metencephalon (hindbrain)
2 Myelencephalon (afterbrain)

Front 5

Telencephalon contains:

Back 5

1 cerebral cortex (5 lobes or hemispheres)
2 corpus callosum
3 basal ganglia (or nuclei)

Front 6

Parts of cerebral cortex (hemispheres)

Back 6

1 frontal lobe
2 parietal lobe
3 temporal lobe
4 occipital lobe
5 limbic lobe

Front 7

frontal lobe functions (motor activity)

Back 7

personality & voluntary movement

Front 8

parietal lobe functions (sensory cortex)

Back 8

awareness of general senses

Front 9

temporal lobe

Back 9

hearing

Front 10

occipital lobe

Back 10

sight (vision)

Front 11

limbic lobe (corpus callosum)function
***MOST IMPORTANT***

Back 11

learning, memory, emtion, love & sexual drive

***works with hypothalamus***

Front 12

Basal ganglia or nuclei function

Back 12

foundation for neural coordination

Front 13

Disease of basal ganglia will produce

Back 13

Parkinson's disease

Front 14

Limbic lobe only seen

Back 14

from inside

Front 15

Parts of Diencephalon

Back 15

1 epithalamus
2 pineal gland (from epithalamus)
3 thalmus
4 hypothalamus

Front 16

Pineal gland (seat of soul) function

Back 16

circadian rhythms (day/night cycle)

Front 17

General Senses=parietal lobe

Back 17

1 pain
2 light touch
3 temperature
4 conscious proprioception (cp)

Front 18

Conscious proprioception (cp)

Back 18

1 barognosis (pressure)
2 topognosis (location)
3 stereognosis (size,shape)
4 position sense
5 vibratory sense
6 2 pt. discrimination

Front 19

thalamus function

Back 19

relay center

Front 20

hypothalamus function (homeostasis center)

Back 20

controls all the hormones of the body

Front 21

Parts of Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

Back 21

1 corpora quadragemini
2 red nucleus
3 substonatia nigra (l.dopa)

Front 22

Corpora quadragemini divides into

Back 22

1 superior colliculi(2)
2 inferior colliculi(2)
***they work together***

Front 23

Superior colliculi function

Back 23

visual reflex center

Front 24

Inferior colliculi

Back 24

auditory reflex center

Front 25

Parts of Metencephalon (hindbrain)

Back 25

1 pons (relay area)
2 cerebellum

Front 26

Cerebellum funcions

Back 26

balance,equilibrium & coordination of movement

Front 27

Part of Myelencephalon (afterbrain)

Back 27

Medulla Oblongata (MO)

Front 28

Medulla Oblongata contains

Back 28

respiratory center & cranial nerves

Front 29

Spinal cord contains

Back 29

1 grey matter
2 white matter

Front 30

Cavities of CNS contains

Back 30

CSF (filtrate of blood)

Front 31

In the brain the spaces are called

Back 31

ventricles

Front 32

the brain has ___ lateral ventricles

Back 32

2 left and right

Front 33

third ventricle located

Back 33

between the thalami (in diencephalon)

Front 34

Cerebral aqueduct (in midbrain)

Back 34

tunnel between 3rd & 4th ventricle

Front 35

fourth ventricle located

Back 35

in front of cerebellum & behind the MO

Front 36

ventricles house

Back 36

CSF (cerebral spinal fluid)
**clear**

Front 37

cloudy CSF indicates a sign of

Back 37

infection, meningitis

Front 38

pink CSF indicates

Back 38

blood in CSF, trauma in brain = subarachnoid bleeding

Front 39

CSF drains through the

Back 39

central canal

Front 40

Uncus(in limbic lobe) houses the

Back 40

hippocampus (short term memory)

Front 41

short term memory converts to

Back 41

long term memory

Front 42

long time memory requires

Back 42

1 time
2 repetition

Front 43

limbic lobe works with the

Back 43

hypothalmus

Front 44

bodily hormones responds to

Back 44

the activity of the limbic lobe

Front 45

Spinal meninges are layers of _______________ that surround the ____ completely

Back 45

dense connective tissue
CNS

Front 46

Nervous system is made of

Back 46

1 CNS (central nervous sys)
2 PNS (peripheral nervous sy)

Front 47

CNS is made of

Back 47

1 cerebrum (or cerebral hemisphere)
2 brain stem (midbrain,pons,MO,cerebellum)
3 spinal cord (2% CNS)

Front 48

PNS made of

Back 48

1 12 pairs of cranial nerves
2 31 pairs of spinal nerves
3 ANS (autonomic nervous sy)

Front 49

31 pairs of spinal nerves include

Back 49

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Front 50

ANS includes

Back 50

1 sympathetic system
2 parasympathetic system
3 sensory

Front 51

sympathetic system contains

Back 51

T1→L2 lateral horns of spinal cord

Front 52

parasympathetic system contains

Back 52

CN 3,7,9,10
SC 2,3,4

Front 53

3 types of spinal meninges

Back 53

1 dura mater (pachymeninx)
2 arachnoid
3 pia mater

Front 54

dura mater is the

Back 54

outermost layer
strongest

Front 55

arachnoid is the

Back 55

middle layer
reticular fibers

Front 56

pia mater is the

Back 56

innermost and thinnest layer
adherent to CNS

Front 57

Subarachnoid space

Back 57

contains CSF
****under arachnoid****

Front 58

nerves located at bottom of spinal cord form the

Back 58

cauda equina (tail of horse)

Front 59

dura mater ends at

Back 59

S2 sacral segment

Front 60

__________ meninges surround the entire _______ completely

Back 60

Cranial
brain

Front 61

Features of cranial dura mater

Back 61

1 falx cerebri
2 falx cerebelli
3 tentorium cerebelli
4 diaphragma sellae
5 cranial sinuses

Front 62

____________ & _________ are median partitions

Back 62

1 falx cerebri
2 falx cerebelli (partially)

Front 63

Inferior saggital sinus sits on top of the

Back 63

corpus callosum

Front 64

Tentorium cerebelli acts as a roof to seperate the ________ of the _________ above from the _________ below

Back 64

occipital lobe
cerebrum
cerebellum

Front 65

Diaphragma sellae covers the________ and has a hole to allow the _________ to pass through

Back 65

sella turcica
pituitary stalk

Front 66

the ______ gland is lodged in the sella turcica

Back 66

pituitary

Front 67

Cranial Sinuses are cranial veins,they are:

Back 67

1 superior sagittal sinus SSS
2 inferior sagittal sinus ISS
3 straight sinus
4 occipital sinus
5 transverse sinus
6 sigmoid sinus

Front 68

Drainage of Sinuses

Back 68

Sup.sag.sin Inf.sag.sin
\ |
\ straight sin
\ /
Conf.of Sin
/ ↑ \
trans.sin ↑ trans.sin
↓ occ.sin ↓
sig. sin sig. sin
↓ ↓
int.jug vein int.jug vein

Front 69

headaches indicate

Back 69

something in the brain expanding

Front 70

meningitis is an infection of

Back 70

the meninges and the subarachnoid space

Front 71

symptoms of meningitis

Back 71

1 headache & stiff neck
2 fever & confusion
3 Brudzinski's sign
4 Kernig's sign
5 cloudy CSF

Front 72

Brudzinksi's sign

Back 72

flexion of knees when neck is flexed tor reduce cervical pain

Front 73

Kernig's sign

Back 73

with hip & knee flexed, extension of the leg leads to neck pain

Front 74

Arachnoid + pia mater =

Back 74

leptomeninges

Front 75

Arachnoid granulations drain CSF into the ___________

Back 75

superior sagittal sinus

Front 76

__________ of CSF is produced/secreted per day

Back 76

500 cc

Front 77

choroid plexuses is the site where

Back 77

CSF is generated

Front 78

choroid plexuses act as a

Back 78

filter RBC to produce CSF

Front 79

lateral ventricles (I & II) has

Back 79

1 anterior horn
2 inferior horn
3 posterior horn
4 body

Front 80

third ventricle(III)located

Back 80

between 2 thalami

Front 81

_________ connects the third & fourth ventricles.

Back 81

cerebral aqueduct

Front 82

fourth ventricle(IV)has

Back 82

1 median aperature
2 lateral aperature

Front 83

aperature is a

Back 83

hole

Front 84

flow of CSF

Back 84

choroid plexuses→lateral ventricles→third ventricle→cerebral aqueduct→fourth ventricle→subarachnoid space

Front 85

central canal connects to the

Back 85

spinal cord

Front 86

CSF flows out of the ___________via the ___________ & ___________

Back 86

subarachnoid space
median aperature
lateral aperature

Front 87

CSF is an __________ of blood plasma

Back 87

ultra-filtrate

Front 88

CSF is drained into the SSS via the _______or________

Back 88

arachnoid vili
Pacchionian granulations

Front 89

the rate of CSF _______ & the rate of ______ must be ______ on a daily basis

Back 89

secretion
drainage
equal

Front 90

CSF provides a __________ environment

Back 90

weightlessness

Front 91

brain immersed in CSF weighs_______

Back 91

50 grams

Front 92

nerve activity works ______ in an environment with no ________

Back 92

best
gravity

Front 93

Functions of CSF

Back 93

1 to remove waste products from nerve metabolism,drugs & other substances

2 to provide nutrients to nervous tissue (glucose)

3 provide media for weightlessness

4 support & cushion

Front 94

Doubles CSF pressure

Back 94

sitting

Front 95

Lessens CSF pressure

Back 95

Flexion of head (head down)

Front 96

Increases CSF pressure

Back 96

Extension of head (head up)

Front 97

coughing,sneezing,crying or straining_________ CSF pressure

Back 97

increases

Front 98

appearance of CSF

Back 98

clear,slightly viscous & nearly colorless

Front 99

CSF has no

Back 99

RBC

Front 100

chemical composition of CSF

Back 100

1 glucose
2 protein
3 CA++
4 Na+,MG++,CL-
5 K+, P

Front 101

Blood brain barrier acts as a

Back 101

filter that allows certain elements to pass through the brain.

Front 102

hydrocephalus is

Back 102

water in the brain = big head
**common in unborn child**

Front 103

hydrocephalus result of

Back 103

1 too much CSF=increased CSF pressure

2 inadequate drainage

Front 104

anoncephali is

Back 104

big head,no brain

Front 105

neuron is the

Back 105

functional unit of the nervous system

Front 106

human neurons cannot____

Back 106

duplicate (no mitotic activity)

Front 107

cell body of neuron called

Back 107

perikaryon or soma

Front 108

perikaryon has

Back 108

1 central nucleus
2 nissl body or tigroid body
3 neurofibrils or thin filaments
4 axon hillock

Front 109

nissl bodies or tigroid bodies are__________ and are made of__________ and make______

Back 109

chromatophilic substances
rough ER
protein

Front 110

axon hillock is an______ and is the entrance to the ______

Back 110

area with no tigroid body
axon body

Front 111

dendrites

Back 111

sites of synapses(comm.between neurons)

Front 112

axon contains

Back 112

1 neurilemma (sheath of schwann)
2 node of ranvier
3 myelin sheath (lipids)
4 nerve fiber
5 neurofibrils

Front 113

neurilemma (sheath of shwann)produce_______

Back 113

myelin sheath

Front 114

impulse runs from

Back 114

receptor→cell body→axon→terminal ending

Front 115

dendrites bring impulse to the

Back 115

cell body

Front 116

signs of neuron injuries/sickness

Back 116

1 nucleus not central
2 soma swelling
3 nissl body not present

Front 117

when neurons degenerate at a faster rate is a sign of

Back 117

alzheimer's disease

Front 118

Glia family are a group of _____________

Back 118

connective tissue neurons

Front 119

olfactory nerve (CN I)

Back 119

special sense: smell

Front 120

optic nerve (CN II)

Back 120

special sense: sight

Front 121

oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Back 121

motor (eye):
1 medial rectus
2 inferior oblique
3 inferior rectus
4 superiour rectus

Front 122

trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Back 122

motor (eye):
1 superior oblique

Front 123

trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Back 123

sensory: face & ant 2/3 tongue
motor: mastication

Front 124

abducens nerve (CN VI)

Back 124

motor (eye): lateral rectus

Front 125

facial nerve (VII)

Back 125

sensory: ear
motor: facial expression & middle ear
special sense:taste, ant 2/3 tongue
parasymp:salivary & lacrimal glands

Front 126

vestibulo-cochlear nerve(CN VIII)

Back 126

special sense:hearing & equilibrium

Front 127

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

Back 127

sensory:pharynx
motor:pahryngeal muscle
special sense:taste, post 1/3 tongue
parasymp:salivary glands

Front 128

vagus nerve (CN X)

Back 128

sensory:pharynx
motor:pharyngeal muscles execpt stylopharngeus
special sense:taste,post 1/3 tongue
parasym:lungs,heart,mediastinal organs, organs of GI tract

Front 129

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Back 129

motor:trapezius & SCM

Front 130

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Back 130

motor:all muscles of tongue ending w/ glossus except palatoglossus

Front 131

_______ pairs of spinal nerves

Back 131

31

Front 132

_______ pairs of _______ c1-c8

Back 132

8
cervical nerves

Front 133

___ pairs of ______ t1-t12

Back 133

12
thoracic nerves

Front 134

____ pairs of ______ L1-L5

Back 134

5
lumbar nerves

Front 135

____ pairs of ________ S!-S5

Back 135

5
sacral nerves

Front 136

____ pair of ________ Co1

Back 136

1
coccygeal

Front 137

Only 7 ________ vertebrae but there are 8 ________

Back 137

cervical
nerves

Front 138

_____________made of ventral primary rami from _________spinal nerves

Back 138

cervical plexus
C1 to C4

Front 139

cervical plexus function

Back 139

provides motor innervation tomuscles of the neck

Front 140

___________is made of ventral primary rami from __________spinal nerves

Back 140

brachial plexus
C5 to T1

Front 141

brachial plexus function

Back 141

provides innervation to the structures and muscles of the upper limb.

Front 142

brachial plexus has 5 major terminal branches:

Back 142

1 axillary n.
2 musculocutaneous n
3 median n
4 ulnar n
5 radial n

Front 143

CA of axillary n

Back 143

epaulette shoulder

Front 144

CA of musculocutaneous n

Back 144

porter hand tip

Front 145

CA of median n

Back 145

ape hand

Front 146

CA of ulnar n

Back 146

hand of benediction

Front 147

CA of radial n

Back 147

wrist drop

Front 148

________ made of ventral primary rami from _______ spinal nerves

Back 148

lumbar plexus
L1-L4

Front 149

function of lumbar plexus

Back 149

provides innervation to anterior and medial thigh muscles (femoral & obturator)

Front 150

________ aka sacral plexus made of ventral primary rami from _______ spinal nerves

Back 150

lumbosacral plexus
L4 to S3 or S4

Front 151

important lumbosacral nerves

Back 151

1 sciatic n (largest)
2 pudendal n

Front 152

sciatic nerve made of

Back 152

tibal n and the common peroneal n

Front 153

pudendal n S2 S3 S4 says....

Back 153

S2 S3 S4 keeps ding dong off floor

Front 154

NO SYMPATHETIC NERVES FOUND IN

Back 154

CRANIAL NERVES

Front 155

the cranial nerves with parasym. fibers are

Back 155

CN 3,7,9,10

Front 156

Somas located in the _______ horns of spinal chord segments

Back 156

T1 to L2

Front 157

_______of blood vessels are only innervted by _________ fibers

Back 157

smooth muscles
sympathetic

Front 158

PNS associated with ______ cranial nerves and ___________ spinal nerves

Back 158

3,7,9,10
S2 S3 s4

Front 159

posterior central gyrus

Back 159

sensory cortex
1,2,3,5
general senses

Front 160

anterior central gyrus

Back 160

motor
4
regulate movement of entire body

Front 161

frontal gyrus

Back 161

conjugate eye movements
8

Front 162

lateral occipital gyrus

Back 162

visual cortex
17 size/shape
18 color
19 size/shape/color

Front 163

angular gyrus
left side only

Back 163

39
meaning of printed words

Front 164

supramarginal gyrus
left side only

Back 164

40
meaning of spoken words

Front 165

superior temporal gyrus

Back 165

41 pitch/height
42 meaning of sound
auditory center

Front 166

inferior frontal gyrus
left side only

Back 166

brocha's speech center
44
45