Anatomy 3 Redmond Midterm Review

Front 1

The primary organs of the male reproductive system are the

Back 1

Testes

Front 2

The left kidney is slightly higher than the right.Explain why

Back 2

The liver is located in the upper right

Front 3

ADH is produced by cells within the

Back 3

Hypothalamus

Front 4

Proteins of smaller molecular size may be reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate by the process of

Back 4

Pinocytosis

Front 5

Following ovulation, the follicular cells of the ovary enlarge to form a structure called the

Back 5

corpus luteum

Front 6

Uric acid results from the metalobism of

Back 6

Nucleic acids

Front 7

The bundles of interlaced muscular fibers in the wall of the urinary bladder comprise the

Back 7

Detrusor muscle

Front 8

The primary regulator of water intake is the mechanism of

Back 8

thirst

Front 9

During urine formation, some substances move from the plasma in the peritubular capillary into the renal tube by the process of

Back 9

tubular secretion

Front 10

The triangular area on the internal flor of the urinary bladder with an opening at each of its angles is called the

Back 10

trigone

Front 11

Water obtained as a by-product of the oxidation of various nutrients is called

Back 11

the water of metabolism

Front 12

Chemical buffer systems

Back 12

represent the first line of defense against the shifts in the ph of body fluids

Front 13

The secretion of the seminal vesicles contains what that provides an energy source for sperm cells

Back 13

fructose

Front 14

If the urinary bladder in a male is filled beyond a certain volume, he would find it impossible to void. WHy?

Back 14

The prostate is compressed by the urinary bladder

Front 15

Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form

Back 15

carbonic acid

Front 16

The concentration of calcium ions in extracellular fluid is regulated primarily by a hormone secreted by the

Back 16

parathyroid glands

Front 17

The primary mechanism that regulates the concentration of sodium ions in extracellular fluid involves a hormone secreted by the

Back 17

adrenal cortex

Front 18

The juxaglomerular apparatus consists of the juxtaglomerular cells and the cells of the

Back 18

macula densa

Front 19

Intercalated cells of the late distal convoluted tubule secrete what into the filtrate

Back 19

hydrogen

Front 20

Water reabsorption occurs throughout the length of the renal tubule by the process of

Back 20

osmosis

Front 21

Nephrons whose corpuscles are located close to the renal medulla are called

Back 21

juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 22

The intracellular fluid compartment includes all water and electrolytes enclosed by

Back 22

cell membranes

Front 23

The hormone that stimulates the secretion of milk from the mammary glands is

Back 23

prolactin

Front 24

Is water actively transported in the proximal convoluted tubule, the descending limb of the loop of henle, or the collecting duct?

Back 24

No, none of these

Front 25

The first step in oogenesis is a

Back 25

primary oocyte divides to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body

Front 26

As a group, male sex hormones are called

Back 26

androgens

Front 27

Intercalated cells of the late distal convoluted tubule secrete what into the filtrate?

Back 27

hydrogen

Front 28

Drinking alcohol produces its diuretic effect by

Back 28

inhibiting the release of ADH

Front 29

Compared to the average adult male, the average adult female body contains relatively

Back 29

less water and more adipose tissue

Front 30

Water balance and electrolyte balance are interdependent due to

Back 30

electrolytes being dissolved in water

Front 31

Transcellular fluid includes the water and electrolytes within the

Back 31

joint cavities

Front 32

The countercurrent mechanism functions primarily in the

Back 32

loop of henle

Front 33

The acid-base buffer systems in the blood include

Back 33

the phosphate buffer system, the protein buffer system, the bicarbonate buffer system

Front 34

In a male, an indirect inguinal hernia occurs when an intestinal loop protrudes into the

Back 34

vaginal process

Front 35

The repiratory center is most likely to cause an increase in the breathing rate if the

Back 35

ph of body fluids is decreasing

Front 36

The first step in oogenesis is a

Back 36

primary oocyte divides to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body

Front 37

Which of the following most closely represents the percentage of water by weight in an adult male

Back 37

65%

Front 38

Which of the follwing is correct concerning the location of the kidneys?

Back 38

the are located behind the peritoneum

Front 39

As body fluids become more alkaline, neurons become

Back 39

excitable

Front 40

The renal medulla is composed of what, whereas the renal cortex is composed of what?

Back 40

renal pyramids, ureters from nephrons

Front 41

Water intoxication is

Back 41

characterized by an increasing osmotic concentration of the extracellular fluid compartment

Front 42

Low potassium concentration (hypokallemia)is characterized by

Back 42

muscular weakness, respiratory difficulty, and ventricular arrhythmias

Front 43

The ureter extends downward

Back 43

behind the parietal peritoneum and jouns the urinary bladder from below

Front 44

Infants are more likely to become dehydrated than adults because

Back 44

infant kidneys are less able to conserve water

Front 45

IIf excessive amounts of water are taken into the body,

Back 45

osmoreceptors in the brain begin to swell

Front 46

Osmotic pressure is primarily controlled in the glomerular capsule by

Back 46

plasma protein concentration

Front 47

????Cystitis occurs more commonly in women than in men because

Back 47

female urethral pathway is shorter

Front 48

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated by what of the extracellular fluid and is inhibited by what

Back 48

an increase in the osmotic pressure, distension of the stomach by water

Front 49

WHich of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

Back 49

Calyx,renal pelvis, ureter,urinary bladder, urethra

Front 50

Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?

Back 50

proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of the loop of Henle, ascending limb of the loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule

Front 51

The epididymis is a what and it functions to what

Back 51

tightlt coiled tube on the outside of the testis,store immature sperm as the mature

Front 52

The composition of glomerular filtrate compares to that of plasma by containing

Back 52

the same substances as plasma expect for larger protein molecules

Front 53

The micturition reflex can be voluntarily controlled by the

Back 53

cerebral cortex stimulating or inhibiting the external urethral sphincter valve

Front 54

Obstruction of the airways leads to

Back 54

respiratory acidosis

Front 55

The movement of water and electrolytes between fulid compartments is regulated primarily by

Back 55

hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure

Front 56

If the ateriole that supplies blood to the glomerulus becomes constricted,

Back 56

the glomerular filtration rate decreases

Front 57

A person with nephrotic syndrome is likely to have

Back 57

increased susceptibility to infections, proteinuria and widespread edema

Front 58

One of the more common causes of female infertility is failure of ovulation due to hyposecretion of hormones from the

Back 58

anterior pituitary gland

Front 59

THe hormone oxytocin aids the birth process by stimulating

Back 59

uterine wall contractions

Front 60

the primary stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone is

Back 60

rising potassium concentration

Front 61

Severe demands are placed on a person's ability to regulate body temperature if if body water loss exceeds

Back 61

2%

Front 62

Extracellular fluids are characterized by relatively

Back 62

high sodium and low potassium concentrations

Front 63

The epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are adapted for reabsorption by

Back 63

having microscopic projections called microvilli

Front 64

The thirst center is located in the

Back 64

hypothalamus

Front 65

An increase in glomerular osmotic pressure will result in what the rate of glomerular filtration

Back 65

a decrease in

Front 66

Diabetes mellitus, in which fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies, leads to

Back 66

metabolic acidosis

Front 67

Whenever sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active tranport, chloride ions are

Back 67

reabsorbed by passive transport

Front 68

The juxtagolerular apparatus regulates the filtration rate by what and by what?

Back 68

vasodilation of the afferent arteriole, renin-angiotensin II causing vasocontriction of the efferent arteriole

Front 69

Acid-base buffer systems minimize ph changes by

Back 69

converting strong acids to weak acids

Front 70

Which of the following would be most helpful in treating hypocalcemia?

Back 70

administering high doses of vitamin D

Front 71

The amount of testosterone in the blood is increased by

Back 71

LH causing the interstitial cells to release testosterone

Front 72

Fertilization normally occurs in the

Back 72

uterine tube

Front 73

The hormone mainly responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics is

Back 73

estrogen

Front 74

When sodium ions are reabsorbed in response to the action of aldosterone, potassium ions are

Back 74

secreted

Front 75

The reabsorption of glucose occurs primarily through the walls of the

Back 75

proximal convoluted tubule

Front 76

The orgasmic platform forms during the following phase of sexual intercourse

Back 76

plateau phase

Front 77

In females, egg cell production begins before birth

Back 77

True

Front 78

Sperm cells are produced by the germinal epithelial cells that line the seminiferous tubules

Back 78

true

Front 79

Principle cells of the late distal convoluted tubule perform hormonally regulated water and sodium secretion and potassium reabsorption

Back 79

False

Front 80

Water reabsorption occurs throughout the length of the renal tubule by the process of

Back 80

osmosis

Front 81

If the testes fail to descend, a male is infertile because sperms cell formation is prevented by

Back 81

relatively high internal body temperature

Front 82

Respiratory acidosis can be

Back 82

caused by a decreased breathing rate and compensated for by the secretion of more hydrogen ions from the kidneys

Front 83

A person in a moderate environment probably would lose the greates amount of water by means of

Back 83

urine

Front 84

A renal coruscle is a what, wereas a renal tubule is a what

Back 84

tangled cluster of blood capillaries, highly coiled tubule that leads away from the glomerular capsule

Front 85

In a male, an indirect inguinal hernia occurs when an intestinal loop protrudes into the

Back 85

vaginal process

Front 86

A decrease in the glomerular hydrostatic pressure of a glomerular capsule will result in what the rate of glomerular filtration

Back 86

a decrease in

Front 87

Dehydration is

Back 87

Characterized by water leaving the intracellular fluid compartment by osmosis, characterized by the osmotic concentration increasing in the extracellular fluid compartment, caused by excessive sweating, prolonged water deprivation, vomiting or diarrhea

Front 88

During the act of drinking water, the desire for water is usually inhibited by

Back 88

the distension of the stomach

Front 89

A pap smear is used to detect the presence of abnormal cells in the

Back 89

cervix

Front 90

THe hormone mainly responsible for the development and maintenance of secondary sexual characteristics is

Back 90

estrogen

Front 91

THe tubular portion of the uterus that extends downward into the upper part of the vagina is the

Back 91

cervix

Front 92

Which of the following would be most helpful in trating hypocalcemia?

Back 92

administering high doses of vitamin D

Front 93

Which is not considered a function of the kidneys

Back 93

the formation of plasma proteins

Front 94

Edema is

Back 94

characterized by abnormal accumulation of extrecellular fluid within the interstitial spaces

Front 95

Ingestion of excessive amounts of sodium bicarbonate to relieve the symptoms of indigestion may lead to

Back 95

metabolic alkalosis

Front 96

The hormone aldosterone functions to promote the

Back 96

reabsorption of sodium

Front 97

THe countercurrent mechanism of the loop of Henle is correctly described by which of the following?

Back 97

water moves out of the descending limb,sodium moves out of the ascending limb

Front 98

Osmotic pressure is primarily controlled in the proximal convoluted tubule by

Back 98

sodium ion concentration

Front 99

An automatic bladder is most likely to result from injury to the

Back 99

spinal cord above the sacral region

Front 100

One of the more common causes of female infertility is failure of ovulation due to hyposecretion of hormones from the

Back 100

anterior pituitary gland

Front 101

The blood concentration of calcium may increase with lung cancer because cancer cells

Back 101

secrete a PTH-like substance

Front 102

High potassium concentration(hyperkalemia)can be cuased by

Back 102

Renal disease which reduces potassium excretion, drugs that promote renal conservation of potassium, insufficient secretion of aldosterone

Front 103

The primary stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone is

Back 103

rising potassium concentration??

Front 104

The compostions of glomerular filtrates compares to that of plasma by containing

Back 104

the same substances as plasma excepts for larger protein molecules

Front 105

If a male's semen contains less than 20 million sperm per milliliter in a release of 3-5 ml, then very likely he is infertile

Back 105

true

Front 106

The glomerular filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule is isotonic to the plasma or the peritubular capillary

Back 106

true

Front 107

Sperm cells are produced by the germinal epithelial cells that line the seminiferous tubules

Back 107

true

Front 108

Urine is forced aling the length of the ureter by peristaltic waves

Back 108

True

Front 109

The thirst mechanism is usually not triggered until the volume of body water has been decreased by 5%-10%

Back 109

False

Front 110

Sympathetic nerve impulses usually cause proportional degrees of vasodilation in the afferent and effernt arterioles

Back 110

false

Front 111

The uterine tubers are muscular membranous tubes that transport egg cells from the uterus to the ovaries

Back 111

False

Front 112

Even if a male has an adquate number of sperm in his semen, he still may be infertile due to sperm cells having poor motility or abnormal shapes

Back 112

true

Front 113

ovaries and testes originate from masses of tissue behind the parietal peritoneum, near the developing kidneys, and descend downward to their final site before fetal development is completed

Back 113

true

Front 114

ADH functions to increase absorption of water from urine into blood by increasing the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

Back 114

True

Front 115

THe greatest output of electrolytes normally occurs by way of urine

Back 115

True

Front 116

External urethral muscle

Back 116

composed of voluntary skeletal muscle

Front 117

Detrusor Muscle

Back 117

composed of smooth muscle

Front 118

External Urethral orifice

Back 118

Located at the tip of the penis

Front 119

Mucous coat

Back 119

inner lining of the ureter and urinary bladder

Front 120

Serous coat

Back 120

outer layer of the urinary bladder

Front 121

Infundibulum

Back 121

portion of the uterine tube that partially encircles the ovary

Front 122

Dartos muscle

Back 122

pulls the scrotal skin close to the testes

Front 123

Fornix

Back 123

recess between the vaginal wall and cervix

Front 124

Corpus spongiosum

Back 124

erectile tissue within the penis

Front 125

gubernaculum

Back 125

Fibromuscular cord that aids the descent of the testes

Front 126

Aldosterone

Back 126

hormone secreted from adrenal cortex that helps regulate electrolyte balance

Front 127

Parathyroid hormone

Back 127

hormone that regulates the level of calcium in the blood

Front 128

Sodium ions are conserved

Back 128

An increasing concentration of aldosterone causes this change

Front 129

Sodium ions are excreted

Back 129

a drug that blocks the release of aldosterone would cause this change

Front 130

Chloride ions

Back 130

substances that are passively reabsorbed in response to reabsorption of sodium ions

Front 131

Renal sinus

Back 131

hollow chamber within the kidney

Front 132

Renal Cortex

Back 132

outer tissue of the kidney

Front 133

Vasa Recta

Back 133

specialized capillary loops

Front 134

renal pyramid

Back 134

conical mass of tissue within the renal medulla

Front 135

renal papilla

Back 135

elevation that projects into the renal sinus

Front 136

The urethra transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Back 136

False

Front 137

The hormone ADH is released from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

Back 137

False

Front 138

Large amounts of hydrogen ions are secreted between plasma and urine by the loop of Henle

Back 138

False

Front 139

Even if a male has an adequate number of sperm in his semen

Back 139

he still may be infertile due to sperm cells having poor motility or abnormal shapes

Front 140

A protein functions as an acid-base buffer system by the COO-group of a molecule accepting hydrogen ions in the presence of excess acid and the NH3 group of a molecule releasing hydrogen ions in the presence of excess base

Back 140

True

Front 141

ADH functions to increase absorption of water from urine into blood by increasing the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

Back 141

True

Front 142

The uterine tubes are muscular

Back 142

membranous tubes that transport egg cells from the uterus to the ovaries

Front 143

An increase in the hormone LH at approximately the 14th day of a 28-day menstrual cycle results in a mature follicle rupturing and releasing an oocyte

Back 143

True

Front 144

FSH stimulates a primordial follicle to start a maturation process in order to become a mature follicle

Back 144

True

Front 145

The bicarbonate buffer system utilizes sodium dihydrogen phosphate to neutralize a strong hydrochloric acid (HCL)

Back 145

False

Front 146

If a male's semen contains less than 20 million sperm per milliliter in a release of 3 to 5 ml

Back 146

then very likely he is infertile

Front 147

If the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma is decreased

Back 147

the glomerular filtrate rate is increased

Front 148

Any factor that alters water balance will also alter electroly balance

Back 148

True

Front 149

Glomerular filtrate has a composition similar to tissue fluid

Back 149

True

Front 150

Extracellular fluids are characterized by relatively

Back 150

high sodium and low potassium concentrations