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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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skin in the ___ of all organs
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largest
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layers of skin are
1. E___ 2. D____ 3. H_____ |
epidermis
dermis hypodermis |
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epidermis
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keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that contains 4 different types of cells
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epidermis: contains 4 cells:
1. K____ 2. M____ 3. M____ 4. L____ |
keratinocytes
melanocytes merkel cells langerhans |
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epidermis: keratinocytes
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most abundent epidermal cell, produces karatin
tough, carry/store melanin which sit in karatinocytes and protects from UV rays, granules |
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epidermis: melanocytes
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spider shaped
make dark skin pigment - melanin and is then transferred to the keratinocytes - colour granules, UV protection darker people do NOT have more melanocytes |
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epidermis: merkel cells
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distributed sparsley among the keratinocytes, serve as a receptor to touch - connected to a sensory nerve ending
sensoryyyy |
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epidermis: langerhans cell
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scattered amoung keratinocytes
star shaped cells part part of the immune system - police outer body surface macrophages, destroy unwanted molecules and acts as a scavenger |
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dermis
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strong flexable connective tissue, binds the entire body together
cells: nerve fibers and blood vessels |
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dermis layers...
1. P_____ 2. R_____ |
papillary
reticular |
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dermis: papillary
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20% areolar connective tissue containing very thin collegen and elastic fibres
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dermis: reticular
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80% dense irregualr connective tissue
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within the dermis __% is papillary and __% is reticular
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20
80 |
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hypodermis
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aka subcutaneous layer
fatty hypodermis, consists of areolar and adipose - loose connective tissue. it stores energy, and helps prevent heat loss from the body. adipose predominates |
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the older we get the more __ tissue (loose connective tissue) there becomes
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adipose
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this layer allows movement of muscle tissue below ...
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hypodermis
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skin colour has three pigments
1. M____ 2. C____ 3. H____ |
melanin
carotine hemoglobin |
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skin colour: melanin
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most important is made from tyrosine
melanin passes from melanocytes to kerotinocytes ranges from yellow-red-brown-black freckles/moles are localized melanin |
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skin colour: melanin: vitiligo
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patches of skin and within these patches they stop producing melanin so kerotinocytes do not take it up / destruction of melanin
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albinos do not produce ___ so they are not stored in ____
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melanin
kerotinocytes |
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skin colour: carotene
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yellow-orange pigment that body obtains from veggies (carrots and tomatoes)
accumulates in stratum cornetum and fat of hypodermis |
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skin colour: hemoglobin
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O2 carrying part of RBC
where ever there are capillaries there's hemoglobin! gives skin pinkish hue when you blush |
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skin appendages
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hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nails
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hair
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dead keratinized cells secretes from the living hair follicle, made up of epiphelial cells which protects the superior surface of the scalp
acts against the loss of heat, barrier between scalp and sun, rapid heatloss |
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_____ lubricates the shaft of hair so it does not become too brital
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sebaul
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sebaceous glands (grease)
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the skins oil glands located all over the body
secrete sebum which protects and conditions the skin |
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sweat glands
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secrete sweat (a blood filtrate) which is mostly water (99%)
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nails
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scale like modification of the epidermis, like hair, nails are made of hard keratin
human equivalent to a hoof |
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burns
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cause rapid fluid loss and reduced blood flow
infection risk is high classified by severeity |
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burns: 1st degree
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only epidermis is damaged; redness, swelling, pain
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burns: 2nd degree
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injury to epidermis and upper part of the dermis; blisters and fluid accumulate
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burns: 3rd degree
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consume entire thickness of skinl white, red or blackended
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skin cancer - cancer of epithelia (carcinoma)
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fastest growing cancer in western hemisphere; where abnormal cell growth occurs
78% of all cancers are related back to skin cancer |
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types of skin cancer
1. B___ 2. S____ 3. M____ |
basal cell
squamos cell kytocytes in stratus spinosum melanoma |
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skin cancer: basal cell
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least maligniant and most common
cells invade dermis and hypodermis and casue tissue errosion there - nodules later develop a central ulcer little bubble on skin |
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skin cancer: squamous
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arises from keratinocytes, that grows rapidly if not removed
red patch on skin that grows |
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skin cancer: melenoma
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cancer of melanocytes, most dangerous
ABCD rule no bigger than 4mm |
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melanoma mole should be no bigger than ___mm
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4
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