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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the digestion system do? |
Break nutrient down in forms that can be used y the body, and to absorb them so they can be distributed to the tissues. |
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What is the alimentary canal? |
The name for the digestive tract of which is a muscular tube extending from mouth to anus. |
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Can you list the accessory organs? |
- Teeth - Tongue - Salivary glands - Gallbladder - Liver - Pancreas |
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What are the main organs that make up the alimentary canal? |
- Mouth - Pharynx - Esophagus - Stomach - Intestines
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What is the microscopic anatomy of the GI tract from? 4 layers, what are they from superficial to medial? |
1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa - blood.lymph vessels 3. Muscularis Externa - circular and longitudinal layer 4. serosa - adventitia
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What are the jobs of the mucosa |
- Enhance surface area and contact with food to improve efficiency of digestion and absorption - Exhibits and abundance of lymphocytes to protect against disease - Secrete mucus |
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The is the job of the sub mucosa? |
- To contain - blood - lymphatic vessels - nerve fibers - sometimes secrets mucus - Elastic fibrous tissue to supply Gastric wall |
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What is the job of the muscularis external? |
- Responsible for peristalsis - mixes and propels food along digestive tract usually having the circular inner layer and longitudinal outer layer - sometimes forms sphincters to prevent backflow of food being digested |
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What is the job of the serosa? |
- Serve as the most outer layer |
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When do we call it the serosa? When do we call is the adventitia? |
Lower 3-4 cm of esophagus - rectum = serosa pharynx, most of the esophagus and rectum = adventitia |
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What is the name for the nervous system within the intestines? |
Enteric Nervous System |
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What are the 2 parts of the enteric nervous system? |
Intrinsic and extrinsic |
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What is the intrinsic enteric nervous system? |
The neurons within the esophagus, stomach, intestines which control motility, secretion, and blood flow. |
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What are the nerve plexuses within the Enteric Nervous system and what do they do? |
- Submucosal plexus = secretory activity, smooth muscle
- Myenteric plexus = muscularis externa, GI tract motility
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What are the 2 parts of the peritoneum? |
1. serous membrane 2. mesentery |
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What are the 3 main functions of the mesentery? |
1. Routes for nerves/ lymphatics/ blood vessels 2. holds organs 3. stores fat |
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What are the 2 parts of the ventral mesentery? |
1. Greater omentum 2. Lesser omentum
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What is the general relationship between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system with digestion? |
Sympathetic nervous system - Inhibit digestive properties
Parasympathetic properties - Facilitate digestive properties |
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What are myenteric reflexes? |
Intrinsic fibers stimulate muscularis externa in response to stretching or chemicals which produces short reflexes. |
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What are vasovagal reflexes? |
Extrinsic fibers stimulate autonomic nervous system control through the parasympathetic fibers of vagus nerve to stimulate motility and secretion for long reflexes. |
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What is the buccal cavity and what are it's functions? |
The mouth and its functions are - Ingestion - Mastication - Chemical digestion - Swallowing
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What are the structures of the buccal cavity? |
-l Cheeks/ lips - tongue - palate - teeth |
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What are the contents of saliva? |
- 98% water - salivary amylase - lingual lipase - mucus - lysozyme - Immunoglobin A - Electrolytes
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What are the 2different kinds of salivary glands and what are there characteristics? |
1. Intrinsic - constant secretion - saliva, lysozyme - lingual - labial - buccal 2. Extrinsic - parotid - submandibular - sublingual |
