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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are antibodies? |
Immunoglobins (Igs) - gamma globin
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Where are antibodies found? |
- blood plasma - body secretions - leukocytes |
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Can you describe the structural characteristics of an antibody? |
Antibody Monomer - 2 identical heavy chains - 2 identical light chains Variable region - antigen binding site Constant region - determines class and binding action |
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Where are IgA's found and what do they do? |
They are found in blood plasma, mucous, saliva, tears and intestinal secretions. They protect the epithelium and provide passive immunity to the newborn. |
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What do IgD's do? |
They act as receptors for B cells. The activation of B cells by antigens are important for immune ability. |
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Can you describe IgE's? |
Also a monomor, never found in the blood, - Associated with basophils and mast cells - Histamine - inflammation and allergic reactions - Eiosinophils and parasitic worms |
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Can you describe some characteristics of IgG's? |
- Most abundant antibody - Important for secondary immune response - Cross placenta to newborn for temp. immunity - Anti - D (Rh factor) agglutinins - complement fixation |
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Can you describe some characteristics of IgM's? |
- found in plasma and lymph - primary immune response - complement fixation - Anti - A and Anti - B agglutinins |
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How are antibodies released? |
By plasma cells |
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Can antibodies destroy antigens? |
Not directly, they use 4 indirect mechanisms.
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What are the 4 mechanisms antibodies use to indirectly destroy antigens? |
1. Neutrilization - bind to foreign antigen and "cover up" 2. Complement fixation 3. Agglutination - multiple binding to antigens 4. Precipitation - linking of multiple antigens - create large complexes
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How long does it take for the B cells to become plasma cells during memory stage of humoral immunity? |
- About 3-6 days |
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How long does it take for the antibody titer to peak during the primary response? |
- About 10 days |
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Regarding memory, what is occurring during the secondary response? |
Memory B cells stored in the germinal center of lymph nodes quickly travel to the antigen and destroy it before it can cause illness. |
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Which body system carries out immune response? |
Review Question |
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What are the functions of helper T cells? Suppressor T cells? Cytotoxic T cells? and NK cells? |
Review Question |
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What do helper T cells do during recognition in humeral immunity? |
Review Question
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What activates an immune response? |
Review Question |
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What is the term for the first encounter between an immunocompetent lymphocyte and an invading antigen? |
Review Question - first encounter???? |
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What is the difference between a complete antigen and a happen? |
Review Question
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Which Ig crosses the placenta? |
Review Question |
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Which Ig is a potent agglutinator? |
Review Question |
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Which Ig is primarily involved in allergic reactions? |
Review Question |
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Which Ig is found in body secretions? |
Review Question |
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Know everything about Iggs!!! Shape and Job |
Review |
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What does the respiration system do? (In simplest terms) |
- Takes in air and expels it - Supplies body with O2 and expels Co2
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What are the main functions of the respiratory system? |
- Exhange of 02 and Co2 - Speech and vocalization - Sense of smell - Controls Ph - Angiotensin II generation - Flow of lymph and venous blood - Valsalva maneuver |
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What does the general anatomy of the respiratory system consist of? |
- Nose - Pharynx - Larynx - Trachea - Lungs - brachial tree and alveoli - Pleurae
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What are the 2 "zones" of the respiratory system and what does each zone do? |
Conducting Zone - passage way for air - Warm, humidify, cleanse - Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles Respiratory Zone - Actual site of gas exchange - Respiratory bronchioles, alveoli ducts, alveoli |
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What are the functions of the nose and the nasal cavity? |
- warms, cleanses, and humidifies air - detects odor - amplifies voice |
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What is the pharynx and what are its 3 divisions? |
It's the muscular cavity going from the nasal cavity to larynx 1. Nasopharynx - airborne pathogens 2. Oropharynx - palatine and lingual tonsils 3. Laryngopharynx |
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What are the functions of the larynx? |
- Food and drink out of airway - sound production (phonation) |
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What is the epiglottis? |
Part of the larynx which acts as the cover of the laryngal inlet which keeps food out of airways
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What is the purpose of the cartilage in the larynx? |
9 different parts of cartilage - Adams Apple |
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What is the job of the vestibular folds in the larynx? What is the glottis? |
There is a pair and and the superior pair is responsible for closing the globulis while swallowing. Inferior folds are the vocal cords The glottis is the opening between the folds of the inferior vestibular folds (vocal cords) |
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What is another name for the trachea? Can you describe it's anatomy? |
- "windpipe" - C- shaped cartilage - hyaline - Trachealis muscle - contorl airflorw |
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Can you describe the inner layer of the trachea? |
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium - Globlet cells - Cilated cell - Mucocilarily Escalator |
