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124 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Circulatory System functions
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Transportation - gases, nutrients, hormones, excretory
Protection - prevents bleeding to death, white blood cells provide immunity |
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blood
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-connective tissue
-matrix is plasma |
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erythrocytes
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transport gasses
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leukocytes
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-5 types
-2 classes - granular and agranular, can move around |
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thrombocytes
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platelets, megakaryocytes, serotonin, fragments of cells
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hemopoiesis
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blood cell production
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myeloid tissue
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red bone marrow, thromboctes, erythrocyes, granular
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lymphoid tissue
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tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen
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heart
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fist sized, asymmetrical, b/w the lungs, surrounded by a pericardial sac
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3 heart layers
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outer- epicardium - visceral pericardium
mid- myocardium - cardiac muscle, contraction inner- endocardium - protective, forms valves, thicker |
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artery
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takes blood away from the heart
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vein
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carries blood to the heart
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trunk
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artery that doesn't go anywhere, just branches
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aorta
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almost all of the body is branches of it
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coronary arteries
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bring oxygenated blood to heart muscles
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anastomose
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body's backup system
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cornoary sinus
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opens directly into the r. atrium
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blood vessels
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tubular network that blood goes through
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arterioles
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arteries get smaller and smaller
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capillaries
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oxygen and waste can diffuse across - functional unit of circular system - exchange of gasses occurs here
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artery layers
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tunica externa - CT
tunica media - smooth muscle tunica intima - endothelium, simp. squa. epith. |
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great saphenous vein
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largest vessel in body - into femoral vein
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lymph
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fluid of lymphatic system
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lymph nodes
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connected by lymph vessels
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respiratory system functions
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gas exchange, sound production, abdominal compression, keeps respiratory passageways clean
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alveoli
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functional unit, gas exchange occurs here
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nasal septum
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wall that divides left and right
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choanae
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region, open expanded back of nose, transitions into the pharynx
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nasal cavity functions
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filtration, sense of smell, sound production
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nasopharynx
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superior portion
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oropharynx
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back of oral cavity
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laryngopharynx
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continuous with larynx
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auditory (eustachian) tube
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opens into the middle ear, regulates ear pressure, can become a passage for infections from the throat
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tonsil types
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pharyngeal, palatine (post. part of tongue), lingual
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larynx
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carilagenous, produces sound, keeps food out of the respiratory system
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thyroid
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largest cartilage, shield shape, laryngeal prominence
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epiglottis
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keeps food out of the glottis - tongue rotates to position, pushed down, pushes down epiglottis
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cricoid
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ring shaped, trachea, allows thyroid movement
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arytenoid
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sit on top/back of cricoid, triangles
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vocal cords
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go from arytenoid to thryroid
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trachea
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cartilage, rings of individual cartilage (c-shaped)
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gastrointestinal tract
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tube, starts in oral cavity
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digestive functions
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ingestion - food in mouth
mastication - chewing of food, make saliva deglution - swallowing, mouth -> stomach digestion - mechanical and chemical breakdown absorption - absorbs and goes to all parts of the body peristalsis - smooth muscles contract to push food through GI tract defecation - waste products out |
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mesentery
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specialized expansions of parietal peritoneum, leave body wall surface
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peritoneum
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double layered membranes, most specialized of serous membranes
visceral - closest to body organ parietal - assoc. w/ body wall |
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peritoneum functions
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double layered to fix vessels, keeps intestines from tangling
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falciform ligament
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line in liver - attaches liver to wall
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lesser ometum
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attaches stomach to liver
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greater omentum
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fat storage area, lymph node in it, fat cushions internal organs, stops spread of disease
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tongue
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moves food in mouth, taste organ, ant. 2/3 in oral cavity, post. 1/3 in pharynx
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palate
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hard and soft palates
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palatel rugae
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tongue positioned here
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incisors and canines
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ingest food
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molars
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for mastication
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heterodont
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animals with different teeth
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dyphyodant
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have two sets of teeth
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deciduous
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baby teeth (20)
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permanent teeth
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2nd set, 32 (includes wisdom)
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enamel
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outside covering
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dentin
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softer than enamel, close to bone
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cementum
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where ligaments (periodontal) attach (gomphosis joint)
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crown
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part you can see
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pulp cavity
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where vesselss/nerves go through
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saliva functions
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solvent helps keep teeth clean, helps with taste, digestive function, mucous
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bolus
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ball of food
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buccal glands
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in the roof of the mouth
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sublingual glands
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under tongue, opens to ducts in bottom of the mouth
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submandibular glands
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right behind the mandible, bottom of mouth
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parotid
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right in front of ear, largest one, opens to top
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constrictor
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muscles, push down, close off when breathing to keep air out of the esophagus
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esophagus
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connects to stomach, very posterior on body, goes through diaphragm
top, skeletal - bottom, smooth sphincter - prevents food back up |
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stomach functions
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Stores food, digestion, limited absorption, moves food products into the small intestine
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chyme
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food after it has been broken down
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4 areas of stomach
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cardia - proximal
fundus - dome shaped body - main part pylorus - distal |
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pyloric sphincter
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closes off between stomach/small intestine
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liver
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upper right quadrant, vascular, 4 lobes - synthesis, storage, release of vitamins/glycogin, phaocytosis, hepatic portal system, bile production
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bile
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yellow/green, gall bladder stores - breaks down and absorbs fats
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cystic duct
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w/ hepatic duct forms comm. bile duct/bidirectional
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pancreas
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hooks, glandular, odd texture, mixed gland
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pancreatic duct
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digestive enzymes, open into the duodenum
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urinary system
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maintains homostasis, regulates H2O and electrolytes, emitting waste
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kidneys
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major organs, nephrons within, right kidney lower, very vascular
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ureters
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tubes coming out of the kidneys, to bladder
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urethra
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tube that emits
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nephrons
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20-25% of heart blood => kidneys - filter blood, return food stuff, rest expelled as urine
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renal capsule
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direct contact with kidneys
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adipose capsule
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fat that holds kidneys in place
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renal facia
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anchors kidneys in place, ab. wall attachment
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renal medulla
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striations of kidneys
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renal cortex
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outside region of kidney
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renal columns
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smooth region
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minor calyces
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base of each renal pyramid
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major calyces
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come together
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renal pelvis
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come together, funnel shaped
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renal pyramid
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8-15 in each kidney
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renal artery
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off of aorta
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interlobar arteries
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branches
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peritubular capillaries
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surround urinary tubules
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micturition
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urination
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internal urethral sphincter
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involuntary, detrusor muscle
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external urethral sphincter
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skeletal muscle - voluntary
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epiploic appendages
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fat filled patches
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gastric rugae
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folded region, rough, allows for expansion
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duodenum
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ducts from liver and pancreas open here
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jejunum
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most absorption occurs here - 3 ft. long
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illium
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6/7 ft. long
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plicae circulares
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folds of intestine
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villi
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absorption structure
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lacteal
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part of lymphatic system, fatty acids absorbed
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ileocecal valve
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shut off from small intestine
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large intestine
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box from lower left, 5 ft. long, diameter 2 1/2 inches wide, reabsorption of water and electrolytes for body - form and expel feces from the body
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cecum
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ilium opens into this pouch
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appendix
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filled with lymphoid tissue
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colon
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tube all around
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deglution
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swallowing, passage from mouth to stomach
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cardia
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beginning of the stomach
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fundus
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dome shaped
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body
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main part of the stomach
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pylorus
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end of the stomach
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stomach
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upper left quadrant of the abdominopelvic rgion - stores food, digestion, limited absorption, food products -> small intestine
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esophagus
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connects to the stomach, posterior on the body, goes through the diaphragm
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anus
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opening at the end of the GI tract, controls fece release, internal sphincter (involuntary), external sphincter (voluntary)
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taeniae coli
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band of muscles, goes around, moves feces through the large intestine
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haustra
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large intestine sacs
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