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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anatomical position
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standing erect, facing forward, arms at sides, palms forward
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supine
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flat on your back
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prone
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face down
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recumbent
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left or right, lateral. laying on your side
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fowler position
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sitting up 45-60degrees. semi fowler is less than 45 degrees
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Trendelenburgs postion
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on your back, feet up.
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midline
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anatomical position, line drawn from th top of the head through the nose to the floor
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lateral
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away from the body
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distal
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distant, far from the point of reference
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proximal
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near the point of reference
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midaxillary
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profile view, line through the armpit
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midclavicular
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refers to the center of each of the collarbones
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posterior
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back portion of the body
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anterior
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front side of the body
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xiphoid process
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spongy part where the ribs come together, under sternum
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suprasternal notch
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where the sternum meets the throat
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clavicle
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collar bone
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intercostal space
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in between the ribs
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costal margin
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lower part of the ribs
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RUQ
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liver, R kidney, colon, pancreas, gall bladder
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LUQ
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liver, spleen, l kidney, stomach colon, pancreas
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RLQ
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colon, sm intestines, major artery and vein, ureter, appendix
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LLQ
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colon, small intestines, major artery and vein to left leg, ureter
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midline organs
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aorta, pancreas, snall intestines, bladder, spine
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cranial cavity
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area where the brain is
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spinal cavity
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area through the spinal corb
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thoracic cavity
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upper chest area
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abdominal cavity
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area from the thoracic to the pelvic region
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skeletal system
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protection, movement, shape
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maxilla
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upper jaw bone
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mandible
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lower jaw bone
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scapula
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shoulder blade
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humerus
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upper arm bone
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ulna
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forearm, in line with pinky
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radius
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forearm bone, in line with thumb
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thoracic vertebrae
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L11, middle of the back
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cervical vertebrae
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upper portion of the spine
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Lumbar vertebrae
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lower portion of the spine
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carpals
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hand bones
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tarsals
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foot bones
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saccrum
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butt bones
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coccyx
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tail bone
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ischium
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lower part of the pelvis
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femur
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thigh bone
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patella
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knee
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tibia
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big bone in the lower leg
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fibula
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smaller bone in the lower leg
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phalanges
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fingers and toes
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calcaneous
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heel bone
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zygomatic arch
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bone under eye
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nasal bone
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small bone above nose
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mastoid process
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front of the temporal bone behind the jaw
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frontal bone
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forehead
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temporal bone
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bottom/side of skull behind jaw and ears
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number of cercical vertebrae
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seven
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number of thoracic vertebrae
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twelve
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number of lumbar vertebrae
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five
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sacral
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five fused bones in the butt under the lumbar
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number of bones the the tail bone
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four
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iliac crest
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top of the hip bone
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ilium
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middle pelvis bone
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greater trochanter
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top of the femur
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three types of joints
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immovable, freely moveable, and slightly moveable
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saddle joint
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ankle
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pivot joint
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spine, head and neck
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hinge joint
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elbow, knee, finger
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condyloid joint
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modified ball and socket, wrists
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gliding joint
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allows the bones to move in a gliding motion-finger and tones
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masseter
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jaw muscle
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muscle types
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skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
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functions of skeletal muscles
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movement, protection, voluntary, surround the body
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functions of cardiac muscle
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specialized, automaticity, and intolerant of bloood loss, found in the heart
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function of smooth muscle
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involuntary, nonstriated, found in blood vessels
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upper airway
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pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea
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lower airway
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mediastinum, bronchiole, pleura
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trachea
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wind pipe
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bronchi's
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connect the trachea to the alveolij. Like branches of a tree
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alveoli
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gas exchange takes plave in the alveoli sacs. connected to the bronchioles
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ventilation
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the mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs
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respiration
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the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes in the lungs
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Challenges with children
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smaller mouth and nose, less space around tongue, trachea is narrower, cricoid cartilage is less rigid/developed, airway is more easily obstructed
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epiglosttis
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small flap at the back of the throat, protects the trachea- prevents "going down the wrong pipe"
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larynx
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voice box
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cricoid cartilage
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most inferior part of the larynx
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tricuspid valve
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between ht eright atrium and the right ventricle
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pulmonary valve
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at the base of the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle
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mitral valve,bicuspid valve
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between the left atrium and left ventricle
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aortic valve
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at the base of the aprtic artery in the left ventricle
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aorta
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major artery from the heart, front of the spine, runs down into the abdominal cavities
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coronary arteries
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vessels that supply the heart itself with blood
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acrosyanosis
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blueish extremities
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carotid arteris
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one on each side of the neck, supply brain and head with blood
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femoral arteries
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through the groin, feeds the legs with blood
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psterior tibial arteries
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artery in the foot on top of the big toe side
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brachial arteries
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major artery of the upper arm
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radial artery
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major vein in the forearm
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pulmonary arteries
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originate at the right ventricle of the heart, carry oxygen depleted blood to the lungs
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pulmonary veins
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caryy oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
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capillaries
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attach arterioles to venules, allow transfer of gases, nutrients, and waste at the cellular level
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vein
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carries blood back to the heart
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venules
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the smallest branch of the veins. oxygen depleted blood transfer from the capillaries to the venules, and back into the veins
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sinoatrial node
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bodies pace maker
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atrioventricle node
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bodies electro firing system
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functions of bloood
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rbc's tranport oxygen, wbc's fight infection, plateletts and other clotting factors, plasma is the liquid part of the blood
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cerebrum
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outermost portion of the brain, occupies nearly all cranial activity- sensation, thought , and associative memory
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cerebellum
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small brain- located posterior and inferior part of the cranium, coordinates muscle energy and maintains balance form signal in the eyes and ears
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brainstem
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contains mesencephalon, the pons and the medula oblongata. contains respiratory system, cardiac center and vasomotor center
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Average % of oxygen we breath
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20%
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oxygen and carbon dioxide travel through the blood attached to ____?
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hemoglobin
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perfusion
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removal of carbon dioxide, and delivery of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients to the cells of all organ systems
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edema
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swelling inthe tissues
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systolic BP
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pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left verticle contracts
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diastolic BP
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pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle is at rest
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the main source of cellular energy is from____?
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glucose
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two compnents of the nervous system that control conciousness
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cerebral hemispheres and the reticular activating systems RAS(wake and sleep center)
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autonomic nervous system
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sympathetic and parasympathetic, fight or flight
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three layers of the skin
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dermis, epidermis, and subcutaneous layer
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epidermis
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outermost layer, dying and dead cells, melanin(pigmentetion) in the deepest layer
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dermis
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second layer, much thicker than epidermis, contains hair follicles, sweat glands, oil glands, and sensory nerves, gives elasticity and strength
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subcutaneous layer
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bottom layer of the skin, varies in depth. ie the eyelid vs. the buttocks
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