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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
gross anatomy
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the study of large (gross) structures that can be seen with the naked eye
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histology
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microscopic study of cells and tissues
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tissue
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groups of cells that are similar in structure and that function together
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epithelial tissue
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forms the linings and coverings of free surfaces of the body
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connective tissue
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supportive and binding tissue found throughout the body (bones, tendons, cartilage)
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muscle tissue
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contractile tissue for movement
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nerve tissue
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communication cells capable of sending impulses
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organ
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groups of tissues that work together to perform a common function
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system
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a group of organs working together to perform a common function
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neuroanatomy
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study of the structure of the nervous system
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embryology
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study of the developing organism from the time of fertilization to birth
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germ cell layers
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the three layers of embryonic tissue from which all body tissue are derived
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endoderm
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innermost germ cell layer - it will form most of the linings of tubular structures of the body
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ectoderm
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outer germ cell layer (skin, nervous system)
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mesoderm
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germ cell layer between the endoderm and ectoderm (muscles, connective tissue)
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fascia
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compact layers of connective tissue that form a fibrous membrane - it invests the whole body, supporting and separating muscles and organs
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collagen
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the protein that makes up the fibers in connective tissue structures
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ligaments
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thickened connective tissue (collagen fibers), which serves to hold bones together
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tendons
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thickened, dense connective tissue that holds muscle to bone
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aponeurosis
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a broad, flat tendon
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regional study
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all the structures in an area are studied together
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systematic (systemic) study
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studying a complete system independent of the region
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anatomic position
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the body is standing erect, face toward observer, with feet together and parallel, the arms at the sides and palms directed forward
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anterior (ventral)
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refers to the front surface of the body
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posterior (dorsal)
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refers to the back surface of the body
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superior (cranial)
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nearer to the head end
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inferior (caudal)
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farther from the head end
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superficial (external)
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nearer to the surface
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deep (internal)
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farther from the surface
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medial
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nearing to the mid-plane of the body
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lateral
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farther from the mid-plane of the body
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proximal
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nearest to the point of origin (or closer to the attachment, closer to the organ)
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distal
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farthest from the point of origin
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Median (midsagittal) plane
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a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left halves
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sagittal plane
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a vertical plane parallel to the median plane
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coronal (frontal) plane
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a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
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transverse plane
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horizontal plane that cuts the body into superior and inferior portions
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