Anatomy 2

Front 1

palpebrae

Back 1

eyelids

Front 2

tarsal plates

Back 2

connective tissue within eyelids

Front 3

tarsal glands

Back 3

modified sebaceous glands

Front 4

conjunctiva

Back 4

transparent mucous membrane of eye

Front 5

annular ring

Back 5

origin of 4 rectus muscles of eye

Front 6

lateral rectus

Back 6

moves eye laterally, VI

Front 7

medial rectus

Back 7

moves eye medially, III

Front 8

superior rectus

Back 8

elevates eye and turns medially, III

Front 9

inferior rectus

Back 9

depresses eye and turns medially, III

Front 10

superior oblique eye muscle

Back 10

IV

Front 11

inferior oblique eye muscle

Back 11

III

Front 12

sclera

Back 12

white, opaque region, provides shape and anchor for eye muscles (fibrous)

Front 13

cornea

Back 13

gets o2 from air in front and gets nutrients from humor behind; has many sensory nerve endings, mostly pain (fibrous)

Front 14

epithelium

Back 14

outer layer of cornea, collagen rich

Front 15

endothelium

Back 15

inner layer of cornea

Front 16

limbus

Back 16

junction between sclera and cornea (fibrous)

Front 17

scleral venous sinus

Back 17

allows aqueous humor to drain (fibrous)

Front 18

choroid

Back 18

vascular, dark membrane, brown because of melanocytes, prevents scattering of light rays in eye, corresponds to pia/arachnoid matter (vascular)

Front 19

ciliary body

Back 19

thickened ring of tissue, encircles lens (vascular)

Front 20

ciliary muscle

Back 20

smooth muscle, focuses lens

Front 21

ciliary processes

Back 21

posterior surface of ciliary body

Front 22

ciliary zonule

Back 22

halo of fine fibrils around circumference of lens

Front 23

iris

Back 23

color, anterior and attached to ciliary body, smooth muscle (vascular)

Front 24

sphincter pupillae muscle

Back 24

circularly arranged

Front 25

dilator pupillae muscle

Back 25

radially arranged, changes size of pupil

Front 26

pupillary light reflex

Back 26

protective response to constrict pupils in bright flash

Front 27

pigmented layer of retina

Back 27

single outer layer of melanocytes

Front 28

neural layer of retina

Back 28

inner layer with sheet of nervous tissue

Front 29

rods

Back 29

vision in dim light, more sensitive

Front 30

cones

Back 30

high-acuity, color vision in bright light

Front 31

ora serrata retinae

Back 31

junction of neural layer and posterior margin of ciliary body

Front 32

macula lutea

Back 32

mostly cones

Front 33

fovea centralis

Back 33

only cones

Front 34

optic disc

Back 34

blind spot

Front 35

choroid capillaries

Back 35

outer third of retina

Front 36

central artery of vein of retina

Back 36

inner 2/3rds of retina

Front 37

posterior segment of eye

Back 37

filled with vitreous humor, which transmits light, maintains intraocular pressure

Front 38

anterior segment of eye

Back 38

filled with aqueous humor, formed as blood filtrate

Front 39

anterior chamber

Back 39

between cornea and iris

Front 40

posterior chamber

Back 40

between iris and lens

Front 41

visual pathway

Back 41

• Retina → photoreceptors → signal bipolar cells → signal ganglion cells → axons exit eye as optic nerve → send axons to lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus → synapse with thalamic neurons → fibers of optic radiation reach primary visual cortex

Front 42

superior colliculi

Back 42

control extrinsic eye muscles, pathway to midbrain

Front 43

pretectal nuclei

Back 43

mediate pupillary eye reflexes, pathway to midbrain

Front 44

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Back 44

process visual input to synchronize rhythms

Front 45

cataracts

Back 45

opaque lens

Front 46

age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

Back 46

buildup of deposits in retina, which cause loss of vision in macula (center of visual field)

Front 47

trachoma

Back 47

contagious infection from chlamydia, causes distortion/inversion of eyelids