Anatomy 1/skeletal Muscle Movement

Front 1

List 3 types of muscle tissue

Back 1

skeletal,cardiac and smooth

Front 2

Describe the difference between the point of origin and the point of insertion

Back 2

The point which moves the least is the origin
The point that moves the most is the insertion

Front 3

There are 3 components which comprise the internal structure of a muscle. What are they?

Back 3

The epimysium, the perimysium and the endomysium

Front 4

Where is epimysium located?

Back 4

.Epimysium covers the entire muscle

Front 5

What is the function of the perimysium?

Back 5

.Perimysium controls fascile (little bundle). It is what we actually use

Front 6

What function does endomysium serve and why is it important?

Back 6

Endomysium separate and electrically insulates muscle cells from each other. Therefore you have control over individual muscle

Front 7

Why is Compartment syndrome detrimental to muscle function?.

Back 7

.If a muscle is traumatized fluid can pool in the area. Swelling blocks muscle function

Front 8

List a few organelles found in skeletal muscle cells

Back 8

A.Nucleus
B.Sarcoplasmic reticulum
C.Sarcoplasmic
D.Terminal Cisternae

Front 9

Describe terminal cisternae

Back 9

Resevoirs for calcium
vomit calcium, calcium then interact with portion of muscle fiber

Front 10

What is a T-tubule?

Back 10

a transverse tubule extends into the sarcomplasmic as invaginations contiuous with the sarcolemma

Front 11

define myofibril

Back 11

cylindrical bundle of contractile filaments within the cell

Front 12

Myofibrils are comprised of myofilaments. Describe their composition

Back 12

2 types of myofilament
Actin -thin filament
.Myosine- thick filament

Front 13

Test question: One Z line to the next is called a

Back 13

sarcomere -functional unit of muscle contraction

Front 14

List and describe the organizational Levels of skeletal muscle

Back 14

(a)Myofilaments thick and thin
(b)myofibril many myofilaments
(c)muscle cell
(d)Fascile
(e)whole skeletal muscles

Front 15

The site where an axon and a muscle fiber meet is called a

Back 15

Neuromuscular Junction

Front 16

What is the Neuromuscular Junction? What does the Neuromuscular Junction control?

Back 16

It.controls contraction of the muscle produced in nerve cell body
and it is the place where the terminal portion of a motor neuron axon meets the muscle cell membrane

Front 17

The muscle fiber membrane is the specialized area called the

Back 17

Motor End Plate

Front 18

Describe the role of the Motor Neuron

Back 18

In order for the skeletal muscle cells to contract each cell must be stimulated by a process of a motor neuron. Each motor neuron is a single nerve cell extending from the brain or spinal cord to the muscle, where it can stimulate several muscle cells.

Front 19

The elongated process of the nerve cell that carries impulses to the muscle is?

Back 19

The Axon

Front 20

The level of innervation within a muscle is dependent on which 2 factors

Back 20

Depends partially from from use and partially from genetics

Front 21

The swollen distal end of a motor neuron axon is called the

Back 21

Axon Terminal

Front 22

What is located within the Axon Terminal?

Back 22

i.within the axon terminal are synaptic vesicles containing the neurotransmitter ACh

Front 23

Define the Synaptic Cleft

Back 23

space between the axon terminal and the folded region of the sarcolemma called the motor end plate

Front 24

Little blisters filled with neurotransmitter

Back 24

Synaptic Vesicles

Front 25

Sarcolemma

Back 25

general name for the muscle cell membrane

Front 26

Exocytosis

Back 26

process by which Acetylcholine is released from the synaptic vesicles

Front 27

After exocytosis, what does the ACh accomplish?

Back 27

Binds to receptor sites of chemically regulated in channels in the motor end plate

Front 28

After de-polarization, where does ACh go?

Back 28

ACh will diffuse away from receptor, the channels will close and then you have ACh-ase destroy the ACh

Front 29

What causes the terminal cisternae to release calcium ions into the cytosal?

Back 29

The action potential

Front 30

Calcium Ions serve what function?

Back 30

They initiate the contraction of the muscle cell

Front 31

Describe the prominent, current theory of muscle contraction.

Back 31

Sliding Muscle Theory. Theory that states when sarcomeres shorten, the thick and thin filaments do not change in length (the filaments slide over each other)

Front 32

5 Molecules Contribute to the sliding muscle theory. What are they?

Back 32

myosin actin, tropomyosin, troponin, ATP, calcium ions

Front 33

Functions and specifics of a molecule

Back 33

-.Myosin- are bundled together to form thick filament
-.Molecule looks like golf club with 2 head
-.head (cross bridge has ability to move back and forth. )
-hinge portion of linear tail allows vertical movement, &power stroke of cross bridges

Front 34

Thin filaments are comprised of which 3 molecules

Back 34

actin, tropomyosin, and troponin

Front 35

What are some features of actin?

Back 35

Actin is the major component of thin filament. The actin portion of the thin filament is composed of actin subunits twisted into a double helical(helical shape important because it twists. ) chain which has a specific binding site (where myosin wants to attach to)

Front 36

Tropomyosin

Back 36

regulatory protein which is also a part of the thin filamen. Entwines around the actin &prevents myosin cross-bridge binding

Front 37

Troponin

Back 37

moves the tropomyosin aside so that actin and myosin can bind Responds to calcium. Attaches. This enables the tropomyosin aside to expose the binding site

Front 38

What else does troponin need in order to move tropomyosin away from the binding sites?

Back 38

Troponin by itself is not able to move tropomyosin away from the binding site. This process needs calcium ions. After Action potential, calcium ions are released from terminal cisterne and bind to troponin. This drags the tropomyosin off of the binding sites.

Front 39

flexion of the cross bridge is called the

Back 39

power stroke (test)