Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How many vertebrae in the body?
|
33 consisting of seven cervical, twelve thoracic, five lumbar, five fused sacral and four fused coccygeal
|
|
|
How many normal curves are formed by the vertebral column?
|
Two, Lordotic and Kyphotic
|
|
|
What is the primary curve?
|
Kyphotic
|
|
|
What is the secondary curve?
|
Lordotic
|
|
|
Body
|
Thick anterior portion that is designed for weight bearing.
|
|
|
Pedicle
|
Two short thick processes located on the posterior border of the body.
|
|
|
Lamina
|
Two flat processes that come off the pedicles and meet in the midline.
|
|
|
Vertebral Arch
|
Where the pedicles and laminae along with the spinous process form the vertebral arch.
|
|
|
Vertebral Canal
|
Foramina of multiple levels form the vertebral canal.
|
|
|
Spinous Process
|
Located in the midline off the convergence of the laminae
|
|
|
Transverse Process
|
2 Transverse Processes extend laterally to either side of the vertebra at the junction of the pedicle and lamina.
|
|
|
Articular Processes
|
2 superior and 2 interior help form the articulations between vertebrae. They also arise formthe junction of the pedicles and laminae. Each process has an articular facet.
|
|
|
Zygapophyseal Joint
|
The articular capsule between the facets.
|
|
|
Cervical Spine
|
2 Abnormal
1 Special 4 Normal |
|
|
Typical Cervical Vertebrae
|
C3-C6
Rectanglular shaped body 2 Pedicles 2 Laminae Bifid Spinous Process Large and Triangle shaped foramen Transverse Process Uncinate Process |
|
|
Unique to the Cervical Spine
|
The transverse process consists of anterior and posterior parts jointed together by intertubercular lamella. The anterior process ends as the anterior tubercle, and the posterior process ends as the posterior tubercle.
|
|
|
What is the carotid tubercle?
|
The anterior tubercle at C6 is also known as the carotid tubercle because the common carotid artery can be compressed against the tubercle at this level.
|
|
|
What is the distinguishing feature between cervical and thoracic vertebrae?
|
The foramen of the transverse process is located in the transverse process bilateral C1-C7.
|
|
|
Vertebral Artery
|
The vertebral artery enters the foramen of the Transverse Process at the C6 level and runs up through C1 where it enters the foramen magnum
|
|
|
Vertebral Vein
|
The vertebral vein enters the foramen of the transverse process at the C1 level and continues through C7 and then drains into the subclavian vein.
|
|
|
Sympathetic Plexus
|
Runs along with the Vertebral artery.
|
|
|
Uncinate Process
|
On the superior surface of each cervical vertebra the uncinate processes form a lateral and slightly posterior raised rim.
Uncinate processes help to limit lateral flexion and to prevent IVD protusion. |
|
|
What is the Joints of Von Luschka or uncovertebral
|
The synovial joint formed by the uncinate processes.
|
|
|
Atlas
|
C1 does not have a vertebral body, but has two lateral masses connected by anterior and posterior arches.
Each lateral mass has a superior and inferior articular process and a Transverse Process. The superior articular facets are shaped like a peanut and articulate with the occipital condyles. The inferior articular facets are regularly shaped oval and articulate with C2. |
|
|
Atlas Anterior Arch
|
Roughly in the middle of the arch on the anterior surface is the anterior tubercle.
This tubercle is the attachment site for the anterior longitudinal ligament and the longus colli muscles. On the posterior surface of the arch is found a smooth surface, the facet for the dens. |
|
|
Atlas Posterior Arch
|
The posterior arch also has an elevation called the posterior tubercle which serves as an attachment for the ligamentum nuchae and the origin of rectus capitis posterior minor mm.
The groove for the vertebral artery is found on the superolateral surface of the arch. |
|
|
Axis
|
The distingushing charasteristic of C2 is the tooth-like process that protrudes superiorly off the body, the dens or odontoid process.
The dens has a hyaline lined articular facet anteriorly, and a groove posteriorly for the transverse portion for the cruciform ligament. The superior artiuclar facets of C2 are smooth and oval shaped. |
|
|
Unique Vertebra C7
|
C7 is also called the vertebral prominens because of its prominent spinous processes. The Spinous Process uslually projects direclty posterior and is not bifid.
No vertibral artery or Sympathetic Plexus. |
|
|
Occiput
|
The most prominent bump is known as the external occipal protuberance (EOP).
Continuing inferiorly from the EOP is the external occiptial crest (EOC). The EOP is the attachment site for the trapezius muscle. |
|
|
Nuchal Lines
|
The highest/supreme nuchal line is located superiorly to the EOP.
The superior nuchal line runs horizontally on either side of the EOP. This line is the attachment site for the trapezius and SCM mm. The inferior nuchal line extends laterally form the EOC about halfway between the EOP nad foramen magnum. |
|
|
Thoracic Vertebrae
|
The body is more heart shaped and they increase in size as they descend the spine.
Most bodies have four demifacets, two superior and two inferior that articulate with the ribs. The pedicles attach high on the vertebral body so there is usually no superior notice associated with the T/S, but there is an extra large inferior notch. Each T/S TP has an articulation for the rib of the same number called the transverse costal facet or costal facet of the TP. |
|
|
Normal Thoracic Vertabrae
|
The demifacts are half facets located at the superior and inferior borders of the body. A pair of demifacets articulate with a single rib.
T2-T9 have both superior and inferior demifacets. Other T/S vertebrae are abnormal. |
|
|
BUL
|
Backwards, upwards and lateral which is posteriorly, superiorly, and laterally.
|
|
|
Ribs 3-9
|
Typical ribs are ribs 3-9 and each has a head, neck, tubercle and a shaft.
The head of each rib will articulate with two vertebral bodies. It, therefore, has a superior and inferior articular facet. The inferior articular facet will articulate with the superior demifacet of the SAME NUMBER vertebra. Between the two facets is the crest of the head. This projects between the two vertebral bodies. |
|
|
Ribs 3-9
|
The neck of the rib is located between the head and the tubercle and is an attachment for the superior costotransverse l. and the costotransverse l.
The tubercle of the rib is usually located onthe posteroroinferior margin of the rib. The tubercle articulates with the transverse costal facet of the TP of the same number. So the tubercle of the sixth rib swill articulate with the TP of T6. The non-articular portion of the tubercle is the attachment site for the lateral costotransverse l. |
|
|
Ribs 3-9
|
The shaft of the rib runs anteriorly and inferiorly. It attaches to the costal cartilage anteriorly and then to the sternum.
On the anterior inferior surface of the shaft is the costal groove. This groove shelters the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve. |
|
|
The First Rib
|
The first rib is very flat and short. There are markings for muscle attachments and for vascular depressions. It usually only articulares with T1.
|
|
|
The Second Rib
|
Has a large tubercle that serves as an attachment for the serraturs anterior muscle.
|
|
|
10th Rib
|
Has a single facet because it usually only articulates with T10. As such there is also no crest on the head.
|
|
|
11th and 12th Ribs
|
Are floating ribs in that they don't attach to the sternum. Neither has a neck or a tubercle.
|
|
|
Lumbar Vertebrae
|
The vertebral bodies are rather large and kidney shaped. They are wide left to right, and they are thicker anteriorly.
There is a small superior vertebral notch, but a very prominent inferior vertebral notch. Each TP has an accessory process. - The accessory process is found just lateral to the lamina. - Serves as an attachment for the longissimus thoracis muslce. The superior artiuclar facets face posterior and medial. Projecting posteriorly off of the superior articular process is the mamillary process which serves as an attachment for the multifidus lumborum muscle. |
|
|
Pars Interarticularis
|
The area between the superior artiuclar process and the inferior articular proecss is known as the pars interarticularis.
This area is commonly fractured, which is known as spondylolysis. |
|
|
Spondylolisthesis
|
Spondylolysis is associated spondylolisthesis, which is an anterior displacement of the body, pedicles, TPs, and superior articular processes.
|
|
|
T1, T10, T11 and T12
|
T1 has a full facet for 1st rib and an inferior demifacet.
T10 can have either a full facet or only a superior demifacet. T11-T12 only have full costal facets. |
