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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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functions of the urinary system
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eliminate waste and regulate homeostasis
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what are the waste products eliminated by the urinary system
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toxins, drugs and nitrogenous wastes
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what types of things does the urinary system do to reg. homeostasis
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water balance, electrolytes, blood pressure, RBC production, activation of vitamin D
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organs of the urinary system
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kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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at what vertabrae are the kidneys
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T12 or L3
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which kidney is lower?
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right
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what sits on each kidney?
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renal glands
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renal hilum
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indentation where several structures enter and exit the kidney
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fibrous capsule
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surrounds each kidney
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perirenal fat capsule
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fat that protects the kidneys
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renal fascia
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holds the kidneys in place
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renal cortex
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outer region
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renal medulla
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middle portion
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renal pelvis
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inner collecting tube
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pyramids
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triangular regions in the medulla
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renal columns
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cortex-like material that separates the pyramids
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calyces
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cup-like structures that funnel urine towards renal pelvis
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nephron
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the functional units of the kidney, form urine
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what are the two parts of the nephrons
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glomerulus, renal tubule
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glomerulus
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knot of capillaries
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bowman's capsule
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holds the glomerulus
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where are cortical nephrons located?
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in the cortex
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juxtamedullary nephrons
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found at the boundary of the cortex and the medulla
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collecting duct
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recieves urine from nephrons and then passes through the pyramids
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what feeds and drains the glomerulus
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the afferent and efferent arterioles
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what is the function of the glomerulus
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filtration
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what is the importance of high pressure in the glomerulus?
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forces fluid and solutes out of blood and into the Bowman's capsule
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peritubular capillary beds
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absorb substances from collecting tubes
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how does glomerular filtration work?
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water and small solutes are forced through capillary beds
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what do the peritubular capillaries absorb?
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water, glucose, amino acids, ions
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where does most absorption take place
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in the convoluted tube
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what things are not reabsorbed
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creatinine, urea, uric acid
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how much urine is produced in 24 hours
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1 1.8 L
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what is the pH of urine?
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6
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what things are usually found in urine?
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sodium, potassium, urea, uric acid, ammonia
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what things are not usually found in urine?
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glucose, RBCs, HGBs, WBCs, pus
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how is urine transported in the ureters?
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peristalsis and gravity
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trigone
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triangular region of the bladder base
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what surrounds the neck of the bladder in males?
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prostate
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what is the muscle of the bladder?
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detrusor
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how much can the urinary bladder hold?
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500 mL
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what are the two sphincters of the urethra
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internal and external
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fx of urethra in males
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carry urine and sperm
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micturition
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voiding
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what determines electrolyte imbalance in urine?
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diet, cellular metabolism, cellular output
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fxn of kidneys
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excretion, maintain H2O balance of blood, maintain electrolyte balance of blood
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ICF
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intracellular fluid
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ECF
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extracellular fluid
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osmoreceptors
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React to changes in blood composition by becoming more active
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ADH
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prevents excessive water loss in urine
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diabetes insipudus
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occurs when ADH is not released
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alkalosis
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pH above 7.45
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adidosis
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pH below 7.35
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control of urinary sphincter begins at what age?
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18 mos
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where is ADH stored
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pituitary
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gonads
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primary sex organs
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male gametes
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sperm
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female gametes
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eggs
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what are the ducts in the male reproductive system?
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vas deferense, urethra, epidimys
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accessory organs of male?
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seminal vessicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands
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tunica albuginea
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capsule that surrounds each testis
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septa
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extension of tunica albuginea that creates lobes in the testis
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Epididymis
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stores than expells sperm with muscle spasms
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vas deferens
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carries sperm from epididymis to sperm duct
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vasectomy
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cutting of vas deferense
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regions of the urethra
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prostatic, membranous, spongy
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prostatic urethra
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surrounded by prostate
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membranous urethra
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from prostatic urethra to penis
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spongy urethra
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runs the length of the penis
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seminal vessicles
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create yellow substance (60% of semen)
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prostate
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secretes milky fluid to activate sperm
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what are the regions of the penis
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shaft, glans, prepuce
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what part of the penis is removed during circumcision
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prepuce
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spermatogenesis
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production of sperm
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FSH in men
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modifies sperm division
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length of time to for sperm to generate
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64-72 days
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where is DNA stored in the sperm
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the head
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oocyte
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immature egg
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primary follicle
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contains immature egg
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graafian follicle
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growing follicle of mature oocyte
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ovulation
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follicle ruptures, occurs every 28 days
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suspensory ligaments
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secure ovaries to walls of pelvis
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ovarian ligaments
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attach to uterus
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broad ligament
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holds the suspensory ligament
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where is the site for fertilization
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the fallopian
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fimbraie
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catch the egg and send it to the fallopian tube
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cilia
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located in fallopian tube, move the egg to uterus
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what supports the uterus?
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broad ligament, round ligament, uterosacral ligament
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what are the parts of the uterus?
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fundus, body, cervix
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endometrium
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allows for implantation of fertilized egg
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vestibule
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contains external openings of vagina and urethra
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greater vestibular glands
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on each side of vagina, secrete lubrican
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what is the hood of the clitoris
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prepuce
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oogonia
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stem cell of the egg
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FSH in females
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cause a few primary follicles to activate each month
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