Anatomy

Front 1

Muscles of facial expression arise from the ______ branchial arch

Back 1

2nd

Front 2

___________ artery, a branch of facial, supplies vestibule of the nose

Back 2

superior labial artery

Front 3

STA gives off __________ which courses through the face parallel to the parotid duct.

Back 3

transverse facial artery

Front 4

Blood supply to scalp?

Back 4

occipital a.
posterior auricular a.
superficial temporal a.

all branches of external carotid a.

Front 5

What 2 veins join to form the retromandibular vein?

Back 5

superficial temporal vein
maxillary vein

Front 6

_________ vein joins the anterior division of retromandibular vein to drain into ___________

Back 6

facial v. joins anterior division to form internal jugular v.

Front 7

_________ vein communicates with venous plexus of the orbit to communicate with cavernous sinuses

Back 7

Facial v

Front 8

auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of _____

Back 8

V3, mandibular branch of trigeminal n.

Front 9

What innervates platysma?

Back 9

cervical branch of facial n.

Front 10

What type of epithelium lines the nasal cavity?

Back 10

ciliated columnar epithelium.


Also lines the pharynx posterior to the nasal cavity. The remaining pharynx is stratified squamous epithelium.

Front 11

The nasolacrimal duct opens into the __________

Back 11

inferior meatus.

drains tears from conjunctival sac into the nose

Front 12

What provides sensation to the sinuses?

Back 12

frontal sinus: supraorbital branch of V1
ethmoid and sphenoid: ethmoidal branches of V1
maxillary: infraorbital n. of V2

Front 13

What branch of trigeminal innervates septum and lateral nasal wall?

Back 13

V2

Front 14

Parotid duct passes over ___________ and pierces the __________

Back 14

Over masseter, pierces buccinator to open opposite 2nd molar tooth

Front 15

Where is the retromandibular vein located?

Back 15

within the substance of the parotid gland

Front 16

Secretomotor innervation of the parotid gland: preganglionic fibers join __________ nerve, course through __________, synapse at __________. Post ganglionic fibers join _________ to reach parotid.

Back 16

glossophyarngeal......lesser superficial petrosal nerve........otic glanglion.....auriculotemporal nerve (V3)

Front 17

secretomotor innervation of the submandibular gland: preganglionic fibers join _________ nerve, course through _________ nerve and join __________ nerve in the infratemporal fossa. Synapse at __________. Postganglionic fibers go to submandibular gland.

Back 17

facial nerve........corda tympani.........lingual nerve.........submandibular ganglion

Front 18

Tensor veli palatini originates in the scaphoid fossa between _________

Levator veli palatini arises from _______ and _________

Back 18

the pterygoid plates

the cartilaginous eustachian tube and the petrous temporal bone

Front 19

What muscles close off the nose from the oropharynx?

Back 19

levator veli palatini
superior pharyngeal constrictor
palatopharyngeus

Front 20

Blood supply of the palate is from ____________ of facial a. and ___________ of maxillary a.

Back 20

ascending palatine a. of facial a
greater palatine a. of maxillary a

Front 21

What is the sulcus terminalis?

Back 21

juncture of anterior 2/3rd of the tongue the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

Front 22

Where is lingual tonsil located?

Back 22

posterior 3rd of the tongue

Front 23

What is the function of extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Back 23

Move the tongue

Front 24

lingual artery passes deep to _______ before entering the tongue

Back 24

hyoglossus muscle.

All other nerves and vessels pass superficial to hyoglossus

Front 25

the soft palate is innervated by ____________

Back 25

lesser palatine nerve (branch of V2)

Hard palate is innervated by greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves, both V2 branches

Front 26

General sensation anterior tongue: _________ nerve
General sensation posterior tongue: _________ nerve

Back 26

lingual nerve anteriorly
glossopharyngeal posteriorly

Front 27

All muscles of the palate are innervated by __________ except for ___________ which is by V3

Back 27

vagus nerve
tensor veli palatini

Front 28

All muscles of the tongue are innervated by ___________ except for __________ which is by vagus.

Back 28

hypoglossal
palatoglossus

Front 29

What is the function of buccopharyngeal fascia?

Back 29

separates pharynx from prevertebral fascia and allows free movement of the pharynx against the vertebral bodies

Front 30

Where is pharyngobasilar fascia located?

Back 30

between mucosa and pharyngeal constrictor muscles.

Front 31

Gap between base of skull and superior constrictor allows _________ and ________ to enter nasopharynx.

Back 31

eustacian tube
levator veli palatini

Front 32

Gap between superior and middle constrictor alllows __________ and __________ to enter oropharynx

Back 32

glossopharyngeal nerve
stylopharyngeus muscle

Front 33

Gap between middle and inferior constrictor allows ___________ and
__________ to enter larynx/laryngopharynx

Back 33

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (pierces thyrohyoid membrane)
laryngeal artery (from superior thyroid a.)

Front 34

Gap between inferior constrictor and esophagus allows ____________ and _____________

Back 34

recurrent laryngeal nerve (enters posterior to cricoarytenoid joint)
inferior laryngeal artery (from inferior thyroid a.)

Front 35

What supplies the cricothyroid muscle?

Back 35

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

Front 36

What innervates the pharynx?

Back 36

1. glossopharyngeal n. (sensory to lower nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, motor to stylopharyngeus)
2. vagus n.(sensory to piriform, motor to all muscles of pharynx except stylopharyngeus)
3. V2 (sensory to upper nasopharynx)
4. pharyngeal plexus (sympathetic)

Front 37

What are the borders of the nasopharynx?

Back 37

skull base to soft palate

Front 38

Where is the pharyngeal tonsil?

Back 38

posterior wall and roof of nasopharynx

Front 39

What supplies the palatine tonsil?

Back 39

tonsillar branch of facial a.
tonsillar branch of dorsal lingual a.
ascending branch of palatine a.

All enter at inferior pole

Front 40

Where is the lingual tonsil located?

Back 40

posterior third of the tongue

Front 41

Where are cutaneous nerves of the neck located?

Back 41

through deep fascia covering the posterior triangle.

Front 42

What do the infrahyoid muscles do?

Back 42

depress the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage

Front 43

What do the suprahyoid muslces do?

Back 43

elevate the hyoid bone, depress the mandible and open the mouth

Front 44

What artery runs with recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Back 44

inferior laryngeal artery

Front 45

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Back 45

1. inferior thyroid a.
2. transverse cervical a.
3. suprascapular a.

Front 46

What does the costocervical trunk supply?

Back 46

posterior muscles of the neck

Front 47

Where does the common carotid bifurcate?

Back 47

at the level of the thyroid cartilage

Front 48

What nerve does the superior laryngeal artery run with?

Back 48

Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve. both pierce the thyrohyoid membrane.

Front 49

Where does the external jugular v. drain into?

Back 49

subclavian v.

Front 50

What veins lie in front of the trachea?

Back 50

inferior thyroid veins

Front 51

jugulodigastric node drains _________.
juguloomohyoid node drains ________.

Back 51

palatine tonsil
tongue

Front 52

Deeper structures of the head and upper parts of the pharynx drain to ___________ nodes

Back 52

retropharyngeal

Front 53

What spinal nerves form the cervical plexus?

Back 53

C 2 to 4

Front 54

What does ansa cervicalis do?

Back 54

provide motor innervation to the infrahyoid muscles.

Formed by descending cervical nerve (C2-3) and descending hypoglossal

Front 55

What provides motor innervation to prevertebral muscles and scalenes?

Back 55

cervical plexus

Front 56

Where do the motor fibers of the vagus nerve originiate?

Back 56

cranial component of spinal accessory

Front 57

What supplies motor innervation to pharynx and palate?

Back 57

vagus
(except stylopharyngeus and tensor veli palatini)

Front 58

SLN provides motor to _________ and sensation __________ the vocal cords

RLN provides motor to ________ and sensation ________ the vocal cords

Back 58

cricothyroid m (external branch), above vocal cords

all muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid m), below vocal cords

Front 59

Where is the sympathetic trunk located?

Back 59

medial to carotid sheath in the prevertebral fascia

Front 60

Where is the superior cervical ganglion located?

Back 60

just below inferior opening to carotid canal, at the base of the skull

Front 61

What is the saccule of the larynx?

Back 61

lateral extension of the ventricle

Front 62

What muscle is the only abductor of the vocal cords?

Back 62

posterior cricoarytenoid

Front 63

Contraction of ________ muscle raises pitch.

Contraction of _________ muscles lowers pitch

Back 63

vocalis alone

vocalis plus adjacent thyroarytenoid m.

Front 64

What does the cricothyroid muscle do?

Back 64

tilts the thyroid cartilage down to increase tension and raise pitch.

Front 65

Blood supply to upper half of larynx?
Lower half?

Back 65

superior laryngeal a. (from superior thyroid a.)
inferior laryngeal a. (from inferior thyroid a.)

Front 66

Where is the sphenopalatine foramen located?

Back 66

near the roof of the back of the nose. leads into the pterygopalatine fossa

Front 67

Pterygopalatine fossa lies behind the _________ and in front of ______

Back 67

maxilla
pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone

Front 68

1. PPF communicates with oral cavity below via ________
2. PPF communicates with floor of orbit via ___________
3. PPF communictes with infratemporal fossa laterally via ___________
4. PPF communicates via nasal cavity medially via ____________
5. __________ lies in front of PPF
6. what leads into PPF from behind?

Back 68

1. palatine canal
2. inferior orbital fissure
3. pterygomaxillary fissure
4. sphenopalatine foramen
5. maxillary sinus
6. foramen rotundum and pterygoid canal

Front 69

What artery and nerve are located in the PPF?

Back 69

maxillary artery
maxillary division of trigeminal (V2)

Front 70

What is the geniculate ganglion?

Back 70

sensory ganglion of facial n.

Front 71

What is the greater superficial petrosal nerve?

Back 71

-autonomic nerve of the PPF
-carries fibers from lacrimal nucleus of facial n. to pterygopalatine ganglion (fibers then go to lacrimal glands and glands of nose and mouth via V2)

Front 72

Fibers from ___________ originiate in the superior salivatory nucleus.

Fibers from _________ originate in the inferior salivatory nucleus.

Back 72

chorda tympani

lesser superficial petrosal nerve

Front 73

What is the deep petrosal nerve?

Back 73

-autonomic nerve of the PPF
-carries sympathetic fibers
-joins GSPN to form the vidian nerve

Front 74

Where do motor fibers of vagus nerve originate?

Back 74

cranial root of XII, which passes through jugular foramen for motor innervation of pharynx, larynx and palate.

Front 75

Vagus provides motor innervation to what 3 major structures?

Back 75

pharynx
larynx
palate

Front 76

Glossopharyngeal motor function?
sensory function?
parasympathetic function?

Back 76

Motor: stylopharyngeus m.

Sensory: pharynx, posterior third of tongue, middle ear by forming the tympanic plexus

Parasympathetic: lesser superficial petrosal nerve to otic ganglion to parotid via auriculotemporal n.

Front 77

Vagus motor function?
senosory function?
parasympathetic function?

Back 77

Motor: all muscles of palate except tensor veli palatini (V3), all muscles of the pharynx except stylopharyngeus (IX) and all muscles of larynx

Sensory: SLN above vocal cords, RLN below vocal cords, pyriforms

Parasympathetic: visceral ganglia outside the head and neck

Front 78

What is nervus intermedius?

Back 78

The other (non-motor) root of facial nerve responsible for parasympathetic and taste sensation.

Has 2 branches
1. chorda tympani
2. GSPN

Front 79

Facial nerve motor function?
sensory function?
parasympathetic function?

Back 79

Motor: stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior digastric, facial mimetic muscles

Sensory: taste via chorda tympani. sensory ganglion of facial n. is geniculate ganglion

Parasympathetic:
1. secretomotor to lacrimal gland and sinuses by GSPN to pterygopalatine ganglion
2. secretomotor to submandibular and sublingual gland by chorda tympani to submandibular ganglion

Front 80

What nerve travels through the middle of the cavernous sinus with the ICA?

Back 80

abducens

Front 81

Trigeminal nerve motor function?
sensory nerve?

Back 81

Motor: muscles of the first branchial arch-mastication muscles, mylohoid, anterior digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini

Sensory: face and deeper structures

Parasympathetic: post ganglionic fibers travel from
-ciliary ganglion on V1 to ciliary m. and sphincter pupillae
-pterygopalatine ganglion on V2 to lacrimal gland and glands of nose/mouth
-submandibular ganglion on V3 (lingual n) to submandibular and sublingual glands

Front 82

Where is the trigeminal ganglion located?

Back 82

apex of petrous portion of temporal bone, in Meckel's cave

Front 83

What is the only cranial nerve that arises from the posterior aspect of the brain?

Back 83

trochlear nerve

Front 84

What muscles of the eye receive sympathetic innervation?

Back 84

dilator pupillae
levator palpebrae superioris

Front 85

The sphenoid bone separates the _______ from the ______

Back 85

orbit from the middle cranial fossa

Front 86

What eye muscle inserts on the tarsal plate?

Back 86

levator palpebrae superioris

Front 87

Which muscle turns the eye upwards?
Downwards?

Back 87

Upwards: superior rectus, inferior oblique.

Downwards: inferior rectus, superior oblique

Front 88

What action does superior oblique cause?
Inferior oblique?

Back 88

downward and lateral gaze

upward and lateral gaze

Front 89

What produced ptosis?

Back 89

loss of CN III innervation to levator palpebrae superioris because this muscle elevates the upper eyelid

loss of sympathetic innervation to levator palpebrae superioris