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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many divisions is the body divided into? |
2 Appendicular Axial |
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Axial |
skull, verbal column, bony thorax |
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Appendicular |
limbs and girdle |
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Compact bone |
80% of human bone mass Homogeneous highly organized cylindrical shaped OSTEON |
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Spongy (cancellous) bone |
Crisscrossing bony branches TRABECULAE Many open spaces |
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Long Bones |
Roughly cylindrical typically longer than wide They have enlarged and uniquely shaped ends that articulate (having JOINTS) with other bones Contain mostly compact bone EX: Femer, Humerus, radius, ulna |
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Short Bone (carpal bone) |
Generally cube-shaped Broad as they are long Contain mostly spongy bone EX: Carpals, tarsals |
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Flat Bones |
Thin and flattened Usually curved Outer layer of compact bone surrounds a layer of spongy bone EX: Skull, ribs, sternum, scapula |
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Irregular Bones |
Various sizes and shapes Often clustered in a group --> Do not fit into other bone classification categories EX: vertebrae, skull, facial bones |
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Sesamoid Bone "Sesame seed" size and shape |
Often appear singly in tendons close to joints number and size vary from person to person EX: patella |
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Osteocyte |
mature bone cell that monitor and maintain your bone matrix |
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Osteoblasts |
build bone makers |
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Osteoclasts |
bone breakers |
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Male Pelvic |
deep and funnel-shaped A subpubic angle of less than 90 |
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Female Pelvic |
Shallow and broad A wider subpubic angle greater than 90 |
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Hyaline |
Most common type of cartilage cover the articular surfaces of bones EX: costal, rings of the trachea, bronchi of the lunges, tip of nose Flexables |
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Elastic |
non load bearing body parts EX: external ear, spiglottis, aditory tubes that connect the middle ear and nasal cavity |
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Fibrocartilage |
Rigid, strong, and associated with regions of dense connective tissue and found where compressions and shearing forces are most active EX: pubic symphysis, Achilles tendon, intervertebral disks |
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Articulation |
the state of being jointed "the area of articulation of the lower jaw" |
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Joint |
are the areas where 2 or more bones meet |
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structure |
joints are named according to types of connective tissues that joins bones together |
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function |
joints are named according to movements |
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synarthroses |
immoveable joint (skull) |
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Amphiarthroses |
slightly movable (pubic synthesis) |
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Diarthroses |
freely moveable (hip) |
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Synovial Joints |
hinge joints, pivot joint, saddle, condyloid, ball and socket, gliding |
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Flexion |
bend arm together, decreasing the angle |
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extension |
increasing the angle |
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hyperextension |
widen the angle to a point of tensions (hinge) |
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abduction |
moving away from the body |
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adduction |
coming back to the body |
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circumduction |
creates a circle |
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Stress fracture |
microscopic bone damage typically in leg or foot repetitive trauma no visible damage |
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compound fracture |
broken bone projects through surround tissue and skin |
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simple fracture |
does not produce a break in the skin |
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complete fracture |
a break across the entire section of bone |
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Incomplete fracture |
bone fragments still partially joined |
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bone fracture |
break in the continuity of the bone destroys blood vessels that carry nutrients to osteocytes |
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fracture healing |
bone tissue repair is started by bone death or damage to osteon blood vessels |
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Steps to Repair |
1. fracture hematoma 2. Cartilaginous tissue forms 3. Osteoblasts build callus tissue 4. Bone remolding will complete if properly aligned and immobilized |
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Bending force |
force applied to a specific focal region overcomes the elastic limit of the bone, resulting in a cortical break on the opposite side of the force. |
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torsional Forces |
when there is a twisting force applied to the long axis of the bone |
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compression forces |
gravity induced |
