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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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organs of the respiratory system
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nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
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function of the respiratory system
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to warm incoming air, gas exchange
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the interior of the nose is called
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the nasal cavity
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what divides the nasal cavity
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the septum
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where are the olfactory sensors located?
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on the superior surface, in the mucosa
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what is the function of mucosa
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trap foreign particles
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lateral walls of the nasal cavity have ____
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conchae
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what is the purpose of nasal conchae
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create more surface area, increase air turbulence
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what separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity
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the palate
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what are the two types of palates and what are they made of
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hard (bone), soft (muscle)
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sinuses
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cavities surrounding the nasal cavity.
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function of sinuses
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make skull lighter, resonance chambers for speech, produce mucous that drains to nasal cavity
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pharynx
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muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx
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what are the three parts of the nasopharynx
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nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
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what are the common passageways for food?
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oropharynx and laryngopharynx
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where are the three tonsils
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nasopharynx (adenoids), oropharynx, and below the tongue
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laynx
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routes air and food into proper channels, helps with speech
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epiglottis
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spoon shaped flap, helps to route food and air
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thyroid cartilage
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Adams Apple
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vocal cords
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vibrate with expelled air to create speech
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glottis
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gaps between vocal cords
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what is the common name for the trachea?
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windpipe
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what enforces the trachea
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C-shaped hyalin cartilage
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hilum
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where the brochus enters the lung
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which bronchus is wider, shorter and straighter?
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the right
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how many lobes does the left lung have?
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2
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how many lungs does the right lobe have?
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3
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visceral pleaura
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covers the lung
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parietal pleura
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covers the inside of the thoracic cavity
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where is gas exchanged?
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alveoli
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what lines alveolar walls?
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squamous epithelium
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alveolar pores
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connect alveoli to neighboring sacs
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how does gas exchange happen?
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oxygen moves from alveoli to blood, CO2 moves from blood to alveoli
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alveolar macrophages
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pick up dust and debris in alveoli
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pulmonary ventilation
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moving air in and out of the lungs
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external respiration
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gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli
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respiratory gas transport
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transport of oxygen and CO2 via the bloodstream
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internal respiration
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gas exchange between blood and systemic capillaries
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importance of pressure changes in the thoracic cavity
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allows for breathing
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inspiration
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inhalation
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expiration
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exhalation
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how does inspiration work?
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diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, drawing air in
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how does expiration work?
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as muscles relax, air is pushed out
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what are some examples of non-respiratory air movements
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yawn, sneeze, cough
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how much air is moved in each breath?
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500 mL
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what is respiratory volume called?
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tidal volume
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what affects a person's respiratory capacity?
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age, sex, weight, physical condition
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Inspiratory reserve volume
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the amount of air taken in over the tidal volume
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Expiratory reserve volume
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the amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled
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residual volume
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the amount of air left in the body after breathing
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dead space volume
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air that never reaches the alveoli
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bronchial sounds
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sounds of air rushing
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vesicle sounds
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sounds of air filling alveoli
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oxyhemoglobin
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how oxygen binds to blood
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how is CO2 transported
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in plasma, as bicarbonate ion
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medulla
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sets basic rhythm for breathing
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pons
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smooths out respiratory rate
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normal respiratory rate
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12-15 breaths per minute
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eupnea
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normal breathing
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hyperpnea
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rapid breathing
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