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9 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Blood plasma |
1. Definition- blood minus its ccells.
2. Composition- water containing many dissolved substances (for example, nutrients, salts and hormones
3. Amount of blood- varies with size and sex, 4 to 6 liters about average, about 7% to 9% of body weight |
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Formed elements |
!. Types a. RBC's
b. WBC's 1. granular leukocytes- neutrophils, eosionphils, and basophils 2. nongranular leukocytes- lymphocytes and monocytes
c. Platletes, or thrombocytes
2. Count a. RBC's- 4.5 to 5 million per mm^3 of blood B> WBC- 5,00 to 10,000 per mm^3 of blood C, platelets- 300,00 per mm^3 of blood
3. Formulation- red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) forms all blood cells except some lymphocytes and monocytes, which are formed by lymphatic tissue i the lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen |
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RBC's |
1. structure- disk shaped, without nuclei
2. function- transport oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Anemia |
1. inability of blood to carry adequate oxygen to tissues due to (1) inadequate RBC numbers or (2) a deficiency of hemoglobin
a. Types 1. hemorrhagic- decreased RBC numbers caused by blood loss (hemmorrhage) 2. aplastic- decreased RBC numbers caused by destruction of blood-forming elements 3. Pernicious- lack of intrinsic factors in stomach reduces availability of vitamin B12, needed for RBC production 4. Sickle cell- inherited defective gene or genes produce an abnormal type of hemoglobin (Hbs) that is less able to carry oxygen
4. - abnormally high RBC count
5. Hematocrit test- |
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Polycythemia
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abnormally high RBC count |
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Hematocrit test |
medical test in which a centrifuge is used to seperate whoel blood into formed elements and liquid fraction a. buffy coat is WBC and paltelet fraction b. Normal RBC level is about 45% c. Erroneous test result can be caused by dehydration |
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WBC's |
1. general defense- defense
2. WBC count a. Differential WBC count reveals proportions of each type of WBC b. Leukopenia- abnormally low WBC count c. LEukocytosis- abnormally high WBC count
3. Neutrophils and monocytes carry out phagocytosis
4. lymphocytes produce antibodies or directly attack foreign cells
5. eosinophils protect against parasitic worms
6. basophils- produces herparin, which inhibits clotting |
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WBC disorders |
1. Leukemia- cancer a. elevated WBC count b. Cells do not function properly |
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Platelets and blood clotting |
1. Platelets play an essential role in blood clotting
2. blood clot formation a. clotting factors released at the injury site produce prothrombin activator b. Prothrombin activator and calcium convert prothrombimn to thrombin c. Thrombin reacts with fibrinogen and triggers formation of fibrin, which traps RBC's to form a lot |
