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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Myofilament orientation
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-thin and thick fibers alternate
-all fibers run parallel to each other |
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Myofilament orientation (m-line/protein)
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-holds thick filaments together
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Myofilament orientation (Z-disk/protein)
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-anchors thin filaments
-attaches titin to thick filaments |
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Myofilament orientation (sarcomere)
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-distance b/t z-disks
-recreating units |
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Myofilament orientation (H-zone/protein)
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-individual thick filaments
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Myofilament orientation (A-band/protein)
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-length of thick filaments
-thick and thin individual filaments |
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Myofilament orientation (I-band/protein)
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-individual thick filaments and titin proteins
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Myofilament orientation (Titin)
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-"coiled string"
-made of elastic protein -lets sarcomere return to relaxed state after stretching |
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symnaptic cleft
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-space maintained by connective tissue of ermysium
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Myofilament orientation (order and cross-sectional view)
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1. H-zone- hexagonal pattern
2. M-line- hexagonal pattern held together 3. A-band- hexagonal pattern each surrounded by 6 dots (thin filaments) 4. I-Band- titin surrounded by thin filaments 5. Z-disk- titin surrounded z-protein |
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Sliding filament theory
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-thick and thin filament fibers slide past each other to make myfibrials shorter
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Neuromuscular junction (synaptic knob)
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-point of interaction b/t an axon and a muscle fiber
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Neuromuscular junction (synaptic vessicles)
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-made in synaptic knobs
-impulse casues vessicles to release neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) |
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Neuromuscular junction (neurotransmitters/acetylcholine)
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-released in synaptic cleft
-flow to receptors on muscle surface -most abundant molecule -made in ER -nerve--->golgi for packaging in synaptic vessicles and dumped into cleft |
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Impulse thru transverse tubes/muscle contraction (head hooking)
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-Cu+-->sarcoplasm and bind w/ troponin to chnage its shape.
-pulls tropomyosin off of the active sites of the actin -active actin sites attract myosin heads -when heads bend, actin moves to left and overlaps -then unhooks and repeats |
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Impulse thru transverse tubes/muscle contraction
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-thin filament being pulled by 3 thick
-atp caused myosin head to unhook -calcium returns to cistern |
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Neuromuscular junction (Esterase)
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-comes from synaptic cleft
-enzyme that denatures a transmitter |
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neurotransmitter reuptake
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-when there is no enzyme to nature the neurotransmitter, it is reabsorbed
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muscle cramp
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-prolonged contraction
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Motor unit
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-a single motor neuron plus all muscle fibers it services
-as few as 10 muscle fibers -as much as 500-1000+ muscle fibers |
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Masseter
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-strongest muscle in the body
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Carpal tunnel
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-sapce where tendons that move fingers pass through
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carpal tunnel syndrome
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-calcium reduces space
-median nerve is squeezed -sensitivity, pain, and weakness in fingers |
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Groin pulls
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-involves adductor longus and Illiopsoas
-happens during excessivly fast take off and lateral movement of muscle |
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hamstring pulls
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-semimembranous involved
-semitendinosis involved -biceps femorus involved |
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Central Nervous System
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-brain cord and spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System
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-cranial and spinal nerves
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Sensory (afferent) system
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-transmits info from periphery to CNS
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Sensory (afferent) system (somatic sensory)
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-receives sensory info from skin, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses
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Sensory (afferent) system (visceral sensory)
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-receives sensory info from viscera
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Motor (efferent) division
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-transmits info from CNS to body
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Motor (efferent) division (somatic motor)
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-voluntary movement of muscle
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Motor (efferent) division (autonomic motor)
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-involuntary movement of muscles
-heart, digestive system |
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Dendrites
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-receive impulses from other neurons
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Axon
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-long sheath that carries current
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cell body
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-main part of cell with nucleus
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Direction of impulses
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Dendrites--->Cell body---> Axon
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Myelin sheath
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keeps impulses traveling down the axon and not into neighboring tissues
-myelin made of lipids |
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Sensory neuron
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-take info from body to CNS
-dendrite in tiny space of body |
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Motor Neuron
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-many dendrites
-CNS to body |
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input neuron
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-many dendrites
-within CNS -connects sensory to motor |
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Unipolar neuron
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-normal sensory neuron
-takes info to CNS |
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Bipolar neuron
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-found in back of eye and inner ear
-dendrites about as long as axon |
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multipolar neuron
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-motor neurons
-more dendrites |
