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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Projection
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Helps to form joints
They bulge off bone |
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Define Depression
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It's an indentation
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Define Opening
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Allows things to pass through
Ex. nerves and blood vessels |
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What is a long bone?
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Longer then wide.
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Describe a long bone
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Has a shaft with a head at both ends
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What is a short bone?
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Bones that form within tendons
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Describe a short bone
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Generally cube-shaped
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What is a flat bone?
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Thin, flattened and usually curved
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What is an irregular bone?
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Bones that do not fit into the short/long/flat bone category
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Name examples of long bones
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Femur
Humerus Metacarpal Radius |
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Name some examples of flat bones
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Frontal
Sternum |
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Name some examples of irregular bones
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Calcaneus
Mandible Vetebra |
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Where can the epiphysis be found? What bone and what type of bone?
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Found in the long bone
Site of Spongy bone Site of hematopoeisis |
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Where can the diaphysis be found?
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Found in the long bone
Compact bone |
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Where can the red marrow be found?
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Found in the long bone
Site of hematopoeisis |
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What is the scientific name for the bone shaft?
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the diaphysis
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What is the cavity where you can find fat storage?
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the yellow marrow cavity
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What plate is the site of longitudinal growth in a child?
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the epiphyseal plate
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When blood clacium levels begin to drop below homeostatic levels, this hormone is released.
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Parathyroid Hormone
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What happens when the Parathyroid Hormone is released?
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It causes calcium to be released from bones
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What is a mature bone cell called?
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an osteocyte
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What does an osteocyte do?
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An osteocyte will maintain bone in a viable state
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What could a severe lack of exercise or paralysis result in?
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Muscle and bone atrophy
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Large tubercles will occur at sites of _______.
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Stress and tension
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An increased deposit of bony matrix will occur at sites of _______.
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Stress and tension
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How can you remember what osteoblasts do?
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osteoBlasts
Bone Building cells |
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What are osteoblasts?
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Immature bone cells
(or matrix depositing) |
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What causes blood calcium to be deposited in bones as calicum salts?
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calcitanin
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If osteoblasts build bone, what do osteoclasts do?
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They liquefy bone matrix and then release calcium to the blood
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What are canaliculi?
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Tiny CANALS that connect the lacunae.
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What are the rings that form around the Central Haversian Canal called?
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cocentric lamellae
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Where can the osteocytes be found?
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circularing around the Central Haversian Canal
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What is the point of the vetebral arch?
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It is a structure that encloses the nerve cord
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The ________ is the weight-bearing portion of the vertebra.
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Body
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True or false:
The transverse and spinous processes both provide levers for the muscle to pull against. |
True.
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What vetebral parts/areas provide an articulation point for the ribs?
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Body and the Vetebral arch
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Openings providing for exit of spinal nerves are called ________.
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Intervertebral foramina
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Name the 3 different types of vetebra.
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1. Cervical
2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar |
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How can you tell the 2 different cervical vetebraes apart from one another?
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Cervical vertebrae (atlas)- kind of looks like a koala bear.
The other kind- looks like a tree |
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What does the thoracic vetebrae look like?
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It has 3 parts coming out from the bone.
THoracic THree |
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How can you tell what a lumbar vetebrae looks like?
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lumbar looks like and octopus
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What does the atlas vertebra, the axis vertebra and the cervical vertebra have in common?
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They contain foramina in the transverse processes.
Through this, the vertebral arteries are able to reach the brain |
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This part of the vertebral column has dens that provide a pivot for rotation of the first cervical.
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Axis
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What processes are found in the thoracic vertebra?
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Transverse processes
Spinous processes |
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What does the sacrum do?
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It articulates with the hip bone laterally
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True or false
The sacrum is made of composite bone. |
True
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What type of vertebra is considered massive and weight-bearing?
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Lumbar vertebra
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The more common name for the coccys is called the _______.
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Tailbone.
(it is vestigial fused vertibrae) |
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The atlas specifically supports what body part?
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the head
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What does the atlas allow the head to do?
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allows for the rocking motion of the occipital condyles
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How many components are found in the cervical vertebra.
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7
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Are the bones in the cervical vertebra fused or unfused?
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unfused
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How many components are found in the thoracic vertebra?
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12
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Are the bones in the thoracic vertebra fused or unfused?
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unfused
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From top to bottom, name each region of the vertebral column.
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1. Atlas
2. Axis 3. (including atlas and axis) cervical curvature 4. thoracic curvature 5. lumbar curvature 6. sacrum 7. coccyx |
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What organs are protected by the thoracic cage?
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the heart and lungs
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Which ribs are considered the true ribs?
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1-7
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Which ribs are considered the false ribs?
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8-12
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Which ribs are considered the floating ribs?
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11 and 12
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What are all ribs connected to
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the vertebra
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What are most ribs connected to directly or indirectly?
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the sternum
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What are the 2 most supportive tissues found in the body?
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the cartilage and bone
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One function of the skeletal system is support. Describe it.
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provides the framework of the body
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One function of the skeletal system is protection. Describe it.
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-brain is protected by skull
-spinal cord is protected by vertebra -heart and lungs are protected by ribs and sternum |
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One function of the skeletal system is storage. Describe it.
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stores minerals and fats
fats are stored in yellow marrow cavity calcium is stored in bone itself |
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One function of the skeletal system is the production of blood cells. Describe it.
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the process is called hematopoeisis. This occurs in the marrow of the bones.
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One function of the skeletal system is movement. Describe it.
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skeletal muscle attaches to bone; bones act as levers when muscles contract.
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What is hematopoeisis?
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It is the red blood cell production which occurs in the red marrow of the bones
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If you were to cut the long bone in half, you would find the core, where the yellow marrow is found and the part outside the yellow marrow, where the red marrow is found. What are the parts of the red marrow called?
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Closest from yellow marrow to farthest from
endosteum compact bone (center of r.m.) periosteum |
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What does the axial skeleton include?
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bones that lie around the body's center of gravity
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What does the appendicular skeleton include?
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the bones of the limbs
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What does the PECTORAL girdle have that the Pelvic girdle doesn't?
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-shallow socket for limb attachment
-flexibility -lightweight |
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What does the PELVIC girdle have that the pectoral girdle doesn't?
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-deep, secure socket for limb attachment
-weight bearing -massive |
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In a sprain, the ligaments reinforcing the joint are excessively stretched or torn.
TRUE OR FALSE |
True!
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Age-related erosion of articular cartilages and formation of painful bony spurs are characteristics of gouty arthritis.
TRUE OR FALSE |
False!
The answer is: they are characteristics of osteoarthritis. |
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Chornic arthritis usually results from bacterial invasion.
TRUE OR FALSE |
False!
The answer is: acute arthritis usually results from bacterial invasion. |
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Healing of partially torn ligament is slow because its hundreds of fibrous strands are poorly vascularized.
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True!
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Rheumatiod arthritis is an autoimmune disease.
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True!
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High levels of uric acid in the blood may lead to rheumatiod arthritis.
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False!
The answer is: High levels of uric acid in the blood may lead to gouty arthritis. |
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A "soft" bone condition in children, usually due to lack of calcium or vitamin D in the diet is called osteomyelitis.
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False!
The answer is: (the condition is called) rickets. |
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Atrophy and thinning of bone owing to hormonal changes or inactivity (generally in the elderly) is called osteoporosis.
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False!
The answer is: ...(generally in the elderly) is called osteoarthritis. |
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Read the description and decide which body system it is.
Conveys the sense of pain in bone and joints. |
Nervous
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Read the description and decide which body system it is.
Activates vitamin D for proper calcium usage. |
Urinary
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Read the description and decide which body system it is.
Regulates uptake and release of calcium by bones. |
Endocrine
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Read the description and decide which body system it is.
Increases in bone strength and viability by pulling action. |
Muscular
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Read the description and decide which body system it is.
Influences skeleton proportions and adolescent growth of long bones. |
Endocrine
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Read the description and decide which body system it is.
Provides vitamin D for proper calcium absorption. |
Integumentary
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Name the 4 parts of the HUMERUS.
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1. Head (top)
2. Shaft 3. Capitulum 4. Trochlea |
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In the leg, which bone is lateral to the midline of the body?
ULNA OR RADIUS? |
Ulna
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