Anatomy 101 - Basic, Cells , Anatomical Position , Cavities , Medical Terms

Front 1

Anatomy

Back 1

is the study of the body's structure. Example: where the lungs are located,how big they are, how many lobes are in each lung.

Front 2

Physiology

Back 2

is the study of the body's function. Example: how the lungs expand as we take a breath in and get smaller as we exhale.

Front 3

Anatomical Position

Back 3

means the body is erect, with arms at the sides and palms turned forward

Front 4

Anterior (ventral)

Back 4

located at or toward the front of the body. Example: the lungs are located anterior to the spinal cord.

Front 5

Posterior (dorsal)

Back 5

located at or toward the back of the body. Example: the spinal cord is posterior to the lungs.

Front 6

Central

Back 6

located in the center. Example: the heart is located central in the chest.

Front 7

Peripheral

Back 7

away from the center of the body. Example: the veins and arteries extend peripherally from the heart.

Front 8

Cranial

Back 8

referring to the head. Example: the brain is situated in the cranial cavity.

Front 9

Superior

Back 9

means above another part, toward the head. Example: the head is superior tothe chest.

Front 10

Inferior

Back 10

means below another part, toward the lower aspect. Example: the feet are inferior to the knee.

Front 11

Lateral

Back 11

located out to the side of the body, away from the midline. Example: the eyes are lateral to the nose

Front 12

Medial

Back 12

located nearest to the midline of the body. Example: the nose is medial to the eyes.

Front 13

Proximal

Back 13

the part nearest the centre of the body or the point of attachment. Example: theknee is proximal to the foot.

Front 14

Distal

Back 14

the part farthest from the centre of the body, or centre of attachment. Example: the foot is distal to the knee.

Front 15

Superficial

Back 15

near the surface of the body. Example: the skin is superficial to the bones.

Front 16

Deep

Back 16

distance from the surface of the body. Example: the bones are deep in comparison to the skin.

Front 17

Two main body cavities

Back 17

Ventral cavity. This pertains to all cavities located in the FRONT of the body.

Dorsal cavity. This pertains to all cavities located in the posterior, or BACK of the body.

Front 18

theventral cavity pertains to what 3 cavities

Back 18

Thoracic cavity , Abdominal cavity, Pelvic cavity

Front 19

the Dorsal cavity pertains to what 2 cavities

Back 19

Cranial cavity and Spinal cavity

Front 20

Thoracic cavity

Back 20

otherwise known as the chest cavity. Located superior to (above) the abdominal cavity. Contains the heart, lungs and large blood vessels.

Front 21

Abdominal cavity

Back 21

located between the thoracic cavity and the pelvic cavity.Contains the stomach, small intestine, most of the large intestine, liver, gallbladder,pancreas, spleen, appendix and the kidneys.

Front 22

Pelvic cavity

Back 22

located inferior to (below) the abdominal cavity. Contains the urinary bladder, lower part of the intestines, and the internal reproductive organs.

Front 23

Cranial cavity

Back 23

the space inside the skull.

Front 24

Spinal cavity

Back 24

extends from the cranial cavity nearly to the end of the vertebrae.

Front 25

How do body cavities benefit the body?

Back 25

An understanding of the structures and the functions of the body will help you understand why different things happen and the reason care and assistance is provided in a particular way. This knowledge should result in safer, more efficient client care.

Front 26

Acute

Back 26

sharp; any condition that is short but severe.

Front 27

Adaptation

Back 27

the body's response to a changing environment or situation.

Front 28

Ambulatory

Back 28

able to walk

Front 29

Artery

Back 29

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.

Front 30

Atrophy

Back 30

a wasting away of any part of the body; usually occurs with lack of use.

Front 31

Benign

Back 31

non-malignant; also means not serious.

Front 32

Capillary

Back 32

a tiny blood vessel, through which food and oxygen and other substances pass to the cells.

Front 33

Cell

Back 33

the basic unit of body structure.

Front 34

Chronic

Back 34

a condition lasting a long time.

Front 35

Collateral

Back 35

additional growth, like a small side branch of a blood vessel or nerve.

Front 36

Compensation

Back 36

when the organ or system cannot adapt, then it must compensate. To compensate is to alter the function in such a way that the body can still carry on.The compensation may not be helpful, but it does allow the body to carry on.

Front 37

Connective

Back 37

a tissue which holds organs in place, holds the body together, and forms the framework of the body, sheaths the muscles, and connects muscles to bones and bones to joints. Bone is a dense form of connective tissue. (It is also the most abundant tissue in the body).

Front 38

Digestion

Back 38

the process of physically and chemically breaking down food so that it can be absorbed for use by the cells of the body.

Front 39

Enzyme

Back 39

a substance that speeds up a chemical change.

Front 40

Epithelia

Back 40

appears in sheet-like arrangements of cells that form the outer layer of the skin,cover the surfaces of organs, line the walls of cavities, and form tubes, ducts, and portions of certain glands. The functions of epithelial tissues include protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion.

Front 41

Hemoglobin

Back 41

the substance in red blood cells that gives the blood its colour; needed by cells in order to be able to carry oxygen.

Front 42

Hormone

Back 42

a chemical substance, secreted by glands, that controls or regulates many body functions.

Front 43

Hypertrophy

Back 43

increase in size of an organ or tissue, produced by enlargement of the existing cells.

Front 44

Hypoxia

Back 44

not enough oxygen to the tissue.

Front 45

Infarction

Back 45

this happens when an area of tissue has been without oxygen long enough for the cells to die.

Front 46

Ischemia

Back 46

reduced blood supply to an area resulting in reduced oxygen to the cells and tissues in that area.

Front 47

Membrane

Back 47

a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or a cavity.

Front 48

Metabolism

Back 48

the use of food for heat and energy by the cells.

Front 49

Muscular

Back 49

the muscular system is involved in movement of the body and its parts. There are three types of muscles. Some we are in control of (voluntary) and others move automatically, without our knowledge (involuntary and cardiac).

Front 50

Necrosis

Back 50

death of cells or tissues.

Front 51

Organ

Back 51

a group of tissues which perform the same function.

Front 52

Peristalsis

Back 52

involuntary muscle contractions in the digestive system that move food through the digestive tract.

Front 53

Respiration

Back 53

the process of supplying cells with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide from them, by breathing air in and out of the lungs.

Front 54

Sign

Back 54

visible manifestation that may indicate an illness.

Front 55

Symptom

Back 55

a sensation, pain, or lack of function that may indicate an illness.

Front 56

System

Back 56

organs that work together to perform special functions.

Front 57

Systemic

Back 57

involving or affecting the body as a whole.

Front 58

Tissue

Back 58

a collection of cells which perform the same function.

Front 59

Vein

Back 59

a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.