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4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mechanisms of hormone action |
A. endocrine glands secrete chemicals into the blood called hormones
B. Hormones perform general functions of communication and control but slower, longer lasting type of control than that provided by nerve impulses
C. Cells acted on by hormones are called target cells; organs containing target cells are target organs
D. Nonsteroid hormones (first messenger) bind to receptors on target cell membrane, triggering second messengers to affect the cell's activities
E. Steroid hormones 1. Primary effects produced by binding to receptors within the target cell nucleus and influence cell activity on DNA- a slower process than nonsteroid action 2. Secondary effects may occur when steroid hormones bind to membrane receptors to rapidly trigger functional changes in the target cell. |
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Regulation of hormone secretion |
A. Hormone secretion is controlled by homeostatic feedback
B. negative feedback- mechanisms that reverse the direction of a change in a physiological system
C. Positive feedback- (uncommon) mechanisms that amplify physiological changes
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Prostaglandins |
A. Prostaglandins (PGs) are powerful substances found in a wide variety of body tissues
B. PGs are often produced in a tissue and diffuse only a short distant to act on cells in that tissue
C. Several classes of PGs include prostaglandin A (PGA), prostaglandin E (PGE) , and prostaglandin F (PGF)
D. PGs influence many body functions, including respiration, blood pressure, gastro intetioanl secretions, and reproduction |
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Other endocrine structures |
A. Many organs ( for example, the stomach, intestines, and kidney) produce endocrine hormones 1. Stomach lining produce ghrelin, which affects appetite and metabolism
B. The atrial wall of the heart secrets atrial natiuretic hormone (ANH), which stimulates sodium loss from the kidneys
C. Fat-storing cells secrete leptin, which controls how full or hungry we feel |
