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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Special senses |
Sensory receptors in head region eyes, ears, smell,gustatory |
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Smell and taste |
Olfactory Epithelia Gustavo epithelia |
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General receptors |
Simple in structure. Simple throughout body (skin, Internal organs) |
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Olfactory/gustatory epithelium 3 types of cells |
Basal (stem) cells Supporting cells Receptor cells-olfactory neurons (bipolar) (gus-unipolar- CN 7 facial,9 glossopharyngeal, 10 vagus) from tongue to oblongata |
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Olfactory pathway |
The only sensory pathway that has no synapse in the thalamus. |
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Sight and hearing/equilibrium (head region) |
Housed with complex sensory organs -eyes + ears. |
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Tongue-lingual papillae-raste buds |
Taste receptors |
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Four types of lingual papillae |
Fungiform Cicumvallate Filiform Foliate |
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Vision |
Dominant sense Half CC involved in some info processing Accessory structures-protection,lubrication, support |
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Cornea |
Is not covered Six eye muscles |
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Eye |
Cranial nerves controlling the extra ocular muscles Most precisely and rapidly controlled muscles |
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Ciliary muscles relax or tighten thevsuspensory ligaments to enable the lens to change shape for focusing. |
Eye |
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Glaucoma |
Blockage |
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Aqueous humor in anterior cavity |
Circulation |
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Tunic |
Fibrous outer Vascular-middle Sensory-retina- inner |
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Ear |
Outer Middle-opens to pharyngitis thru auditory Eustachian tube Inner- communicates with brain Bipolar neuron |
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Auditory tube |
Eustachian tube- communicates with pharynx |
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Inner ear |
Hearing Equilibrium/balance Communicates with brain through CN 8 vestibulocochlear |
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Semicircular canals(Cristal ampullaries) |
Sensory receptors sensitive to rotational head movements |
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Macula in the vestibule |
Sensory receptors sensitive to gravity acceleration/deceleration |
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Cochlea |
Sensory receptors responsible for hearing. Spi al organ organ of Corti |
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Nervous and endocrine |
Quick-slow= both conteol homeostasis |
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Vestibular complex |
Semicircular canals + vestibule is responsible for balance/equilibrium |
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Endocrine system components |
Endocrine glands and hormones |
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Pancreas |
Mixed gland Exocrine and endocrine gland |
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Endocrine hormone |
Produced by cells in very small amounts Released into bloodstream Transported by blood to a distant organ to affect its action |
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Substances hormones are derived from |
Amino acids- norepinephrine, epinephrine Steroids-cortisol,estrogen,progesterone,androgen |
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Target cell (hormones affect) |
Lock and key mechanism. Needs receptor |
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Endocrine signaling pathway |
Endocrine cell,hormone,blood,distant cell |
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Paracrine |
Tissue cell,paracrine chemical, extracellular fluid (interstitial fluid) near cell |
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Autocrine |
Specializes cell,autocrine chemical extracellular (interstitial fluid)- same cell |
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Release of hormone is stimulates by |
Humoral- nutrients; insulin, glucagon ions (calcitonin, parathyroid) and gastrin Hormonal-endocrine glands release hormones produced by other endocrine organs. Hypothalamus-pituitary (thyroid, gonads and adrenals) Neural- adrenal medulla by sympathetic neurons |
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Major endocrine glands |
Hypothalamus Pineal gland Pituitary Parathyroid |
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Pituitary |
Master gland bc it makes hormones that control other endocrine glands Thyroid (tsh) Adrenals (acth) Gonads(lh and fsh) |
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Endocrine hormones is a substance that |
Produce cells in very small amounts Released into bloodstream Transported by blood to a distant organ |
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Receptors |
Lock and key mechanism |
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Pituitary gland relationship with hypothalamus |
Hypothalamus produces oxytocin and ADH secreted via the axons of hypothalamus neurons into the POSTERIOR lobe of the pituitary. Secretes via blood circulation into ANTERIOR pituitary |
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Thyroid follicles |
Follicles produce thyroid hormones (TH)=iodine+tyrosine Metabolism growth and development |
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Parathyroid hormone |
PTH is the single most important hormone controlling the calcium balance of the blood. |
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C cells produce |
Calcutonin which decreases blood calcium levels |
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Parathormonr increases |
Blood calcium level |
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Adrenal gland (triangular on TOP) |
Called suprarenal Divided into inner adrenal and medulla Outer adrenal cortex |
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Glucocorticoids (cortisol) |
Increases supply of Glucose by stimulating the gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis Inhibits inflammatory responses Increases breakdown of proteins and lipids= catabolic Cortisol is catabolic steroid hormones Testosterone is anabolic steroid hormone |
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Dual innervation |
Same visceral organs- cause opposite effects. |
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Ans directs processes that |
Maintain HOMEOSTASIS |
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Ans Operates automatically without |
Conscious control. Performs its functions via a chain of visceral reflex arcs |
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Ans coordinates (systems) |
Cardiovascular,respiratory, digestive,urinary,and reproductive. |
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Somatic and autonomic both carry |
Motor commands |
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Olfactory rory |
All cells except olfactory have recep |
