Anatomical Orientation And Terminology

Front 1

The study of body structures and the relation of one part to another

Back 1

Anatomy

Front 2

The study of the processes and functions of the body tissue and organs.

Back 2

Physiology

Front 3

The study of the development of the body from fertilized egg, or ovum

Back 3

Embryology

Front 4

Right upper quadrant includes

Back 4

Right lobe of liver, Gall bladder, Right kidney, Small and Large intestines

Front 5

Left Upper Quadrant includes

Back 5

Cecum, Apendix, Small Intestines, Right reproductive organs, Vermiform

Front 6

Anterior or Ventral

Back 6

Toward the front

Front 7

Posterior or Dorsal

Back 7

Toward the back

Front 8

Medial

Back 8

Near or toward the midline of the body

Front 9

Lateral

Back 9

Farther away from the midline of the body.

Front 10

Internal

Back 10

Inside

Front 11

External

Back 11

Outside

Front 12

Proximal

Back 12

Near the point of origin or closer to the body

Front 13

Distal

Back 13

Away from the point of origin or away from the body

Front 14

Superior

Back 14

Higher than or above

Front 15

Cranial

Back 15

Toward the head

Front 16

Caudal

Back 16

Toward the lower end of the body

Front 17

Inferior

Back 17

Lower than or below

Front 18

Erect

Back 18

Normal stnading position of the body

Front 19

Supine

Back 19

Laying position of body with face up

Front 20

Prone

Back 20

Laying position of the body with face down

Front 21

Thoracic Cavity is divided into

Back 21

Pleural and Paricardial

Front 22

Pleural

Back 22

Each housing a lung

Front 23

Paricardial

Back 23

Surrounding the heart

Front 24

Contains the urinary bladder, lower colon, rectum, uterus, and ovaries

Back 24

Pelvic

Front 25

Is the outer covering of the body

Back 25

Skin

Front 26

Skins functions

Back 26

Protects the underlying sturctures from injury, drying, and invasion by foreign organisms. Contains sensory nerves, has limited excretory and absorbing powers. Regulates body temperatures

Front 27

Is the outer skin layer

Back 27

Eppidermous

Front 28

True skin, lies below the epidermis, and blends into deeper tissues.

Back 28

Dermous

Front 29

Nails, haior, and sweat glands

Back 29

Skin appendages

Front 30

Bones are made of

Back 30

Inorganic minerals, Calcium, phosphorous, ossein (An organic substance)

Front 31

Is an elongated flat bone, forming the middle portion of the upper half of the chest wall in front

Back 31

Sternum

Front 32

Located at the inferior aspect of the sternum, serves as a landmark in the administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Back 32

Xiphoid

Front 33

Pelvic Cavity or hip cavity consists of:

Back 33

Urithra, Lower Collon/rectum, Uterus, Overies

Front 34

Three types of muslces in the body

Back 34

Striated, Smooth, cardiac muscles

Front 35

Also called voluntary or skeletal muscles. Are the muscle fibers which moves all bones.

Back 35

Striated

Front 36

Also called involuntary or visceral muscles. Are those muscle fibers which move or internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and secretory ducts leading from glands. We have no control over these muscles.

Back 36

Smooth

Front 37

Is striated in appearance but like smooth muscle in its action.

Back 37

Cardiac muscles

Front 38

The Nervous system is classified into what two major divisions

Back 38

Central nervous system (CNS), and Paripheral Nervous System (PNS).

Front 39

The Central Nervous System consists of:

Back 39

Brain and Spinal Cord

Front 40

The Peripheral Nervous System consists of:

Back 40

Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves

Front 41

How man Cranial nerves are there

Back 41

12, which carry impulses between the brain and head and neck.

Front 42

How man Spinal nerves are there

Back 42

31 which carry messages between the spinal cord, chest, abdomen, and extremities.

Front 43

How many endocrine glads are there, and list them.

Back 43

9, Thyroid gland, Parthyroid glands (4), Adrenal glands (1 pair), pancreas, pituitary gland, ovaries (1 pair), testes (1 pair), pineal gland, and thymus gland.

Front 44

Located in the central portion of the brain, contributes to skin pigmentation called melatonin

Back 44

Pineal gland

Front 45

The heart has how many chambers

Back 45

4

Front 46

The two upper chambers of the heart

Back 46

Atria

Front 47

The two lower chambers of the heart

Back 47

Ventricles

Front 48

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart throught the two largest veins in the body

Back 48

Venae Cavae

Front 49

Drains deoxygenated blood from the upper portion of the body.

Back 49

Superior Vanae Cavae

Front 50

Carries deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body.

Back 50

Inferior Vanae Cavau

Front 51

Venae Cavae bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the

Back 51

Pulmanary artery

Front 52

Newly oxygenated blood enter the ___ of the heart from the pulmonary vein

Back 52

Left Atrium

Front 53

The three types of major blood vessels in the body are

Back 53

Aorta, Capillaries, and Veins

Front 54

Large blood vessels which lead blood away from the heart

Back 54

Aorta

Front 55

Are microscopic vessels which carry nutrientrich, oxygenated blood from the arteries to the body cells

Back 55

Are thinner walled arteries. They conduct waste filled blood toward the heart from the tissues.

Front 56

Located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, adjacent to the stomach

Back 56

Spleen

Front 57

The spleens functions

Back 57

Destroys old red blood cells, filtrates micro organisms, production of anti bodies and immunities, storage of blood (Esp red blood cells), production of blood cells such as lymphocytes and monocytes (White blood cells)

Front 58

Lymph Nodes functions

Back 58

Contain lymphocytes and lymphatic channels which help fight disease by producing antobodies

Front 59

Major locations of Lymph nodes

Back 59

Cervical, Axillary, Indunial, Mediastinal regions of the body

Front 60

What to branches compose the Larynx

Back 60

Larynx (Voice box) and the Trachea

Front 61

Air passes from the Larynx to the

Back 61

Trachea

Front 62

The Trachea is how long, and has how many C-shaped rings of cartilage?

Back 62

4 1/2 inches long 16-12 rings

Front 63

In the mediastinum region the trachea divides into two branches called

Back 63

Bronchi

Front 64

The bronchi leads to what....

Back 64

Two seperate lungs

Front 65

Foods doesn't pass threw these organs but play a crucial role in proper digestion

Back 65

Lover, Gallbladder, and the pancreas

Front 66

Located in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity and manufactures bial (Digestion of fat)

Back 66

Liver

Front 67

A pear shaped sac under the liver which stores and concentrates bial for later use

Back 67

Gallbladder

Front 68

Manufactures and secretes pancreatic juices which passes throught the pancreatic duct into the duodenum, where it helps to break down all types of foods. It also produces a hormone called insulin which plays a role in the utilization of sugar by the body.

Back 68

Pancreas

Front 69

Hollow, muscular, distensible sac in the pelvic cavity. It serves as a temporary reservoir for urine.

Back 69

Urinary bladder

Front 70

Are a pair of small almond-shaped organs located in the lower abdomen.

Back 70

The ovaries

Front 71

Near each ovary is a duct, about 5 1/2 inches long called fallopian tube which the egg travels into the uterus.

Back 71

Two uterine tubes

Front 72

External genitalia of the female are called

Back 72

Vulca

Front 73

The vulva includes

Back 73

The lips of the vagina, clitoris, urethral orifices, and perineum.

Front 74

Glad at the base of the urinary bladder which secretes a fluid into the urethra during ejaculation.

Back 74

Prostate gland

Front 75

The tubes which are located at the top of each testis; they carry and store the sperm cells

Back 75

Epididymis

Front 76

A sac enclosing the testes on the outside of the body

Back 76

Scrotum