Anatomical Kinesiology Test 2

Front 1

region and action of pronator teres

Back 1

o: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process
i: middle lateral side of radius
a: pronation

Front 2

region and action of pronator quadrates

Back 2

o: lower 1/4 of ulna
i: lower 1/4 of radius
deepest muscle of distal forearm
a: pronation

Front 3

region and action of Brachioradialis

Back 3

o: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
i: styloid process of radius
a: elbow flexion, assists in suppination

Front 4

region and action of the brachialis

Back 4

o: lower 1/3 of anterior part of humerus
i: coronoid process
a: elbow flexion

Front 5

region and action of Biceps Brachii

Back 5

2 origins:
longhead: glenoid fossa
short head: coracoid process
i: radial tuberosity
a: elbow and shoulder flexion, supination

Front 6

region of supinator and common injury

Back 6

o: lateral epicondyle of humerus, proximal end of ulna
i: upper lateral 1/3 of radius
tennis elbow

Front 7

region and action of aconeus

Back 7

very small forearm muscle
o: lateral epicondyle of humerus
i: olecranon process
stabilize elbow joint, elbow extension, synergist to triceps

Front 8

region and action of triceps brachii

Back 8

origin (3):
longhead: inferior glenoid *
lateral head: upper lateral, posterior 1/2 of humerus
medial head: lower 2/3 of medial posterior humerus
i: olecranon process
elbow and shoulder extension*

Front 9

little league (golfer's) elbow

Back 9

aka medial epicondylitis
wrist flexion, similar to tennis elbow

Front 10

tennis elbow

Back 10

aka lateral epicondylitis (humerus)
caused by overuse/repetitve strain from repeated wrist extension.
small tears develope in the tendon, this leads to irritation and pain where the tendon is attached to the bone

Front 11

levator costarum

Back 11

increases thoracic cavity through rib elevation.
r: in between ribs

Front 12

diaphragm

Back 12

dome shaped at the level of the xiphoid process and last 7 ribs
a: contracts downward to enlarge thoracic cavity during respiration

Front 13

primary respiration muscles

Back 13

diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals

Front 14

quadrates lumborum

Back 14

lower trunk extensor (posterior side)
o: posterior part of iliac crest
i: 12th rib, transverse process of L1-L4
a: lateral flexion to the same side, extension (hyper)

Front 15

transverse abdominis

Back 15

deepest of all abdominal muscles
compresses organs and keeps everything in place.
o: inguinal ligament, iliac crest
i: linea alba (fibrous connective tissue that comes down)

Front 16

Rectus abdominis

Back 16

(six packs) four bellies seperated by tendonous band
o: pubic symphysis
i: ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
a: flexion of the trunk (sit ups)

Front 17

internal obliques

Back 17

o: iliac crest, inguinal ligament
i: pubic bone, 7th-9th ribs
a: lateral flexion to the same side, trunk flexion, rotation to the same side

Front 18

external obliques

Back 18

most superficial abdominal muscle
downward medial fibers
o: lower 8 ribs
i: iliac crest, linea alba
a: lateral flexion (to the same side), trunk flexion, rotation to the opposite side

Front 19

semispinalis-capitalis, cervicis, thoracis

Back 19

(hyper)extension, rotation to the opposite side
deep spinal muscle

Front 20

serratus posterior inferior

Back 20

increase thoracic cavity
rib depression
r: lower ribs

Front 21

subcostals

Back 21

decrease thoracic cavity
rib depression
inner surface of the ribs

Front 22

transverse thoracis

Back 22

decrease thoracic cavity
rib depression
inner surface of costal cartilage

Front 23

erector spinea group

Back 23

spinalis capitus, thoracis, cervicis
longissimus capitus, thoracis, cervicis
illiocostalis cervicis, thoracis, lumborum

Front 24

longus colli group

Back 24

deep muscle of spine
anterior cervical region
a: cervical spine flexion

Front 25

interspinalis

Back 25

deep spinal muscle
spinous process to spinous process
a: extension (hyper)

Front 26

intertransversarii

Back 26

deep spinal muscle
r: transverse process to transverse process
a: lateral flexion

Front 27

muscles that decrease thoracic cavity

Back 27

SIiTt
subcostales
internal intercostals
transverse thoracis

Front 28

muscles that increase the thoracic cavity

Back 28

diaphragm
external intercostals
levator costarum
scalenus group
serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferor

Front 29

internal intercostals

Back 29

attach between each rib
decrease cavity and aids in forced expiration

Front 30

scalenus group

Back 30

increase thoracic cavity
rib 1 elevation, cervical flexion, lateral flexion, rotation
r: transverse process to rib 1

Front 31

serratus posterior superior

Back 31

increase thoracic cavity
rib elevation
r: upper ribs

Front 32

external intercostals and fiber direction

Back 32

attach between each rib
rib elevation to enlarge cavity during respiration
*down ward and medial fibers

Front 33

serratus anterior

Back 33

anterior scapular muscle
"boxer's muscle"
o: ribs 1-9
i: anterior vertebral border of the scapula
a: protraction, upward rotation

Front 34

protraction

Back 34

shoulders come toward each other in front

Front 35

retraction

Back 35

shoulder blades come together in the back

Front 36

posterior scapular muscles

Back 36

levator scapulae
rhomboids (minor and major)
trapezius

Front 37

muscle properties (eeect)

Back 37

extensibility: ability to stretch
elasticity: ability to return to resting length
excitability: ability to react to stimulii
contractibility: shorten/contract
tonicity: ability to gain tone. (hardness/softness)

Front 38

anterior shoulder cap muscles

Back 38

coracobrachialis
pectoralis major
subscapularis

Front 39

coracobrachialis

Back 39

anterior shoulder cap muscle
o: coracoid process
i: midway down the humerus (anteriomedial surface)
a: flexion, adduction

Front 40

pectoralis major

Back 40

anterior shoulder cap muscle
o: clavicle, sternum
i: lateral lip of intertuburcular groove
a: adduction, internal rotation, flexion, horizontal adduction

Front 41

subscapularis

Back 41

*rotator cuff muscle
anterior shoulder cap
o: subscapular fossa
i: lesser tuberosity of humerus
a: internal rotation, stabilization

Front 42

posterior shoulder cap muscles

Back 42

teres major
latissimus dorsi
infraspinatus
teres minor

Front 43

teres major

Back 43

posterior shoulder cap muscles
o: posterior lower 1/3 of axillary border of scapula
i: medial lip of intertubercular groove
a: internal rotation, adduction, (hyper)extension

Front 44

latissimus dorsi

Back 44

posterior shoulder cap muscle
o: T7-L5, illiac crest
i: intertubercular groove (humerus)
a: adduction, internal rotation, (hyper)extension

Front 45

infraspinatus

Back 45

rotator cuff muscle
posterior shoulder cap
o: infraspinous fossa
i: greater tuberosity
a: external rotation, horizantal abduction, stabilization

Front 46

teres minor

Back 46

rotator cuff muscle
posterior shoulder cap
o: upper 2/3 of axillary border of scapula
i: greater tuberosity
a: external rotation, stabilization

Front 47

rotator cuff muscles

Back 47

supraspinatus (superior)
infraspinatus (posterior)
teres minor (posterior)
subscapularis

Front 48

anterior scapular muscles

Back 48

subclavius
pectoralis minor
serratus anterior (boxer's muscle)

Front 49

scapular movements possible

Back 49

elevation, depression, retraction (adduction), protraction (abduction), downward rotation, upward rotation

Front 50

rhomboids (minor & major)

Back 50

posterior scapular muscles
o: c7-t5
i: vertebral border of the scapula
a: retraction, downward rotation, elevation

Front 51

levator scapulae

Back 51

posterior scapular muscle
o: cervical vertebrae 1-4
i: vertebral border of scapula
a: elevation, assists in retraction and downward rotation

Front 52

properties of tendons

Back 52

extensibility and elasticity
(cannot contract)

Front 53

isotonic

Back 53

concentric: muscle is shortening
muscle torque is greater than the resistance
eccentric: muscle is lengthening
torque of muscle is less than the resistance

Front 54

isometric

Back 54

static: torque of muscle equals the resistance.
muscle is contracted but not moving

Front 55

muscle fiber layers

Back 55

1. epimysium (outside)
2. perimysium
3. endomysium (encases each individual muscle fiber)

Front 56

sarcomere

Back 56

functional unit of skeletal muscle
made up of actin and myosin

Front 57

z line

Back 57

z line to z line is 1 sarcomere
(dark lines)

Front 58

a band

Back 58

both proteins overlap eachother (myosin and actin)
dark area

Front 59

i band

Back 59

actin (thinner protein)
light area

Front 60

H zone

Back 60

gap in the a band
(visible only when the muscle is relaxed)

Front 61

early anatomist classification of muscles

Back 61

skeletal muscles
visceral
cardiac

Front 62

histology classification (under a microscope)

Back 62

striated (light and dark)
smooth
branched striated

Front 63

nerve control classification

Back 63

voluntary
involuntary
involuntary

Front 64

skeletal muscle

Back 64

striated, voluntary

Front 65

visceral

Back 65

smooth, involuntary (stomach, intestine)

Front 66

cardiac

Back 66

branched striated, involuntary

Front 67

myosin and how it interacts with actin

Back 67

thicker protein, has crossbridges that attach to the actin during muscle action to help with the contraction process

Front 68

sliding filament theory

Back 68

sliding of actin past myosin generates muscle tension

Front 69

fiber types description and use

Back 69

slow oxidative: slow twitch, high resistance to fatigue *marathon
fast oxidative glycolitic: fast twitch, intermediate resistance to fatigue (not completely anaerobic) *short high intensity events like 400 m
fast glycolitic: very fast, low resistance to fatigue *quick explosive movements like 50 yd dash

Front 70

fusiform muscle

Back 70

runs parallel, longitudinally
best known for speed of contraction and range of motion
*biceps brachii

Front 71

pennate

Back 71

come off a central tendon (uni, bi...) looks like a feather
amplifies force
flat muscle to a central tendon, better stability, less flexibility
*deltoids

Front 72

quadrate/ triangular

Back 72

four distinct sides/ three distinct sides

Front 73

muscles create movement by...

Back 73

pulling. muscles cannot push

Front 74

hypertrophy/atrophy

Back 74

increase muscle cell size/decrease muscle cell size
(cannot make more muscle cells

Front 75

blood supply to muscles

Back 75

sedentary person: 3-4 capillaries
trained athlete: 5-7 capillaries
100x more blood exercising than resting

Front 76

tendon/ ligament

Back 76

muscle to bone/ bone to bone

Front 77

how muscles are named

Back 77

shape, size, action, location, attachments, directions of fibers, number of divisions within the muscle

Front 78

subclavius

Back 78

anterior scapular muscle
o: 1st rib
i: inferior middle surface of the clavicle
a: depresses clavicle, stabilizes shoulder girdle

Front 79

pectoralis minor

Back 79

anterior scapular muscle
o: ribs 3-5
i: coracoid
a: depression, downward rotation, protraction

Front 80

supraspinatus

Back 80

superior rotator cuff muscle
o: supraspinous fossa
i: greater tuberosity of the humerus
a: abduction, stabilization

Front 81

biceps brachii

Back 81

biarticular
o: longhead: supraglenoid tubercle
shorthead: coracoid process
i: radial tuberosity
a: elbow and shoulder flexion, suppination

Front 82

triceps brachii

Back 82

biarticular
o(3): long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: upper lateral posterior 1/2 of humerus
medial head: lower 2/3 of medial posterior humerus
i: olecranon process
a: elbow and shoulder extension

Front 83

trapezius

Back 83

posterior scapular muscle (superficial muscle, can be palpated)
o: occipital protuberance to c7-t12
i: (3) lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion process, spine of the scapula
a: most superior: elevation/depression of scapula
middle: retraction of scapula
most inferior: upward rotation of scapula

Front 84

deltoids (3 groups)

Back 84

1. anterior:
o: lateral 1/3 of clavicle
i: deltoid tuberosity
a: flexion, internal rotation, horizontal adduction
2: middle
o: acromion process
i: deltoid tuberosity
a: abduction
3. posterior
o: spine of scapula
i: deltoid tuberosity
a: extension (hyper) external rotation, horizontal abduction

Front 85

rotator cuff different than other three (and how)

Back 85

subscapularis inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus rather than the greater tuberosity

Front 86

rotator cuff different than other three (and how)

Back 86

subscapularis inserts on the lesser tuberosity of the humerus rather than the greater tuberosity