Anatomic Position And Terms Of Reference Pg.158

Front 1

anatomis or anatomical position

Back 1

a term of reference that health professionals use when noting body planes, positions, or directions: the person is assumed to be standing upright (erect), facing forward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward; the patient is visualized in this pose when applying any other term of reference

Front 2

body planes

Back 2

reference planes for indicating the location or direction of body parts

Front 3

coronal plane, frontal plane

Back 3

vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

Front 4

sagittal plane

Back 4

vertical division of the body into right and left portions

Front 5

transverse plane

Back 5

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

Front 6

anterior (A), ventral

Back 6

front of the body

Front 7

posterior (P), dorsal

Back 7

back of the body

Front 8

anterior-posterior (AP)

Back 8

from front to back, as in reference of an x-ray beam

Front 9

posterior- anterior (PA)

Back 9

from back to front, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray beam

Front 10

superior, cephalic

Back 10

situated above another structure, toward the head

Front 11

inferior, caudal

Back 11

situated below another structure, away from the head

Front 12

proximal

Back 12

toward the beginning or origin of a structure; for example, the proximal aspect of the femur (thigh bone) is the area closest to where it attaches to the hip

Front 13

distal

Back 13

away from the beginning or origin; for example, the distal aspect of the femur (thigh bone) is the area at the end of the bone near the knee

Front 14

medial

Back 14

toward the middle (midline)

Front 15

lateral

Back 15

toward the side

Front 16

axis

Back 16

the imaginary line that runs through the center of the body or body part

Front 17

erect

Back 17

normal standing position

Front 18

decubitus

Back 18

lying doen, especially in bed; lateral decubitus is lying on the side (decumbo=to lie down)

Front 19

prone

Back 19

lying face down and flat

Front 20

recumbent

Back 20

lying down

Front 21

supine

Back 21

horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back ("on the spine")

Front 22

flexion

Back 22

bending at the joint so that the angle between bone is decreased

Front 23

extension

Back 23

straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased

Front 24

abduction

Back 24

movement away from the body

Front 25

adduction

Back 25

movement towards the body

Front 26

rotation

Back 26

circular movement around an axis

Front 27

eversion

Back 27

turning outward, i.e. of a foot

Front 28

inversion

Back 28

turning inward, i.e. of a foot

Front 29

supination

Back 29

tuning of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of foot) upward or forward

Front 30

pronation

Back 30

turning of the palmer surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) downward or backward

Front 31

dorsiflexion

Back 31

bending of the foot or the toes upward

Front 32

plantar flecion

Back 32

bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground

Front 33

range of motion (ROM)

Back 33

total motion possible in a joiny, described by the terms related to body movements (i.e. the ability to flex, extend, abduct, or adduct); measured in degrees

Front 34

goniometer

Back 34

instrument used to measure joint angles (gonio=angle)