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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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viscosity
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the ease with which blood flows throught the blood vessel
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name 2 parts of blood
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plasma and blood cells
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plasma
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pale yellow fluid composed mostly of water. Also contains protein, ions, nutrients, gases and waste
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albumin
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plasma protein that has various clooting factors, antibodies, and complete proteins,
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serum
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plasma minus the clotteing proteins
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RBCs
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erythrocytes transport of oxygen
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WBCs
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leukocytes, protect body from infection
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platelets
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thrombocytes protect body from bleeding
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hematocrit
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blood test of the separation of blood into two phases % of blood in the sample
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hematopoiesis
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the process of blood cell production
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2 types of hematopoietic tissues
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red bone marrow and lymphatic tissue
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stem cells
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blood cells produced in red bone marrow fromthe same cell
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lymphocytes
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agranulocytes originate in bone marrow some mature and reproduce in the lymphatic tissue play important role in body immune system
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monocytes
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agranulocytes originate in bone marrow some mature and reproduce in the lymphatic tissue is also phagocytotic
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megakaryocytes
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large blood cell that breaks up into tiny fragments, platelet
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myelosuppression
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bone marrow depression
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anemia
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severe deficiency of RBCs aplastic anemia
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leukopenia
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deficiency of WBCs
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thrombocytopenia
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inadequate numbers of platelets
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polycythemia vera
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excess production of RBCs
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reticulocyte
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immature RBC
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hemoglobin
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large protein molecule made up of 2 parts
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2 parts of hemoglobin
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protein (heme)
iron (globin) |
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oxyhemoglobin
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oxygenated hemoglobin
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carbaminohemoglobin
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cargbon monoxide hemoglobin
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cynanosis
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sign of hypoxemia a deficiency of oxygen in the blood
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intrinsic factor
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normally secreted by the lining of the stomachabsorption of vitamin b12 requires a transport protein
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pernicious anemia
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inadequate absorption of vitamin b12
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erythropoietin
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kidneys sense the need for additional oxygen they secret a this hormone. epo stimulates the bone marrow to relese rbsc into the circulation
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life spane of RBC
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120 days
mature RBC has no nucleus it cannot reproduce and must be replaces as it wears out. |
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macrophages
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big eaters, remove the RBC from circulation and phagocytose them either wandering or fixed cleaning up debris
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hemolysis
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brake down of RBCs
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hemolytic anemia
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brake down of RBCs rapidly exceeding the rate of RBC replacement
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WBCs
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leukocytes large round cells that contain nuclei protect body by destroying disease-producing microorganisms
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phagocytosis
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removal of dead tissue and other cellular debris
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leukocytosis
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increase in number of WBCs
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2 classifications of WBCs
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granulocytes and agranulocytes
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granulocytes
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produces in bone marrow neutrophils basophils and eosinophils
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agranulocytes
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lymphocytes and monocytes
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neutrophil
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most common role is phagocytosis move to site of infectione and remove tissue debris
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pus
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collection of dead neutrophils parts of cells, and fluid
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neutropenia
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deficiency of neutrophils
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polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
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many-shaped nucleus neutrophils
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segs
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neutrophils that the nucleus appears segmented
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band cells
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immature neutrophil look like a thick, curved band
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staff cells
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because band cells also look like a staff
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stab cells
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also known as nuetrophls
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shift to the left
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immature neutrophil bands become prominent in the different WBC count
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differential count
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proveds valuable diagnostic information because it indicates which WBC is involved
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basophils
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2nd type of granulocytic WBC plays a rold in the inflammatory response, throught release of histamine
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heparin
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released by basophil an anticoagulant reduce the formation of tiny blood cells
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eosinophil
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3rd type of granolcyte involved in inflammatory respone, secreting chemicals that destroy certain parasites, engage in phagocytosis, elevated with allergies
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platelets
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aka thrombocytes, tiniest blood cell, produced in red bone marrow prevent blood loss
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thrombocytopenia
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failure of bone marrow to replace platelets aka petechia
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complete blood coutn CBC
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laboratory test that provides information about the composition of the blood.
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hemostasis
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process that stops bleeding 3 events blood vessel spasm, formation of platelet plug, blood clotting
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vascular spasm
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when a blood vessel is injured the muscle in blood vessel contracts
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platelet plug
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blood vessel torn, inner lining of vessel activates platelets, they become sticky and adhere to inner lining of vessel and each other making a blood clot
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used to suppress homostasis
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aspirin
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blood clotting (coagulation
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3rd step in hemostates large tear in blood vessel results in the formation of netlike sturcture
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fibrin
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the netlike sturcture composed of protein fibers
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1st stage of blood coagulation
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clotting factors produce substance called prothrombin activator
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2nd stage of blood coagulation
thrombin |
presence of calcium prothrombin is activated to form thrombin
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3rd stage of blood coagulation
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thrombin activates fibrinogen forms the net
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tw most important mechanisms prevent blood clotting.
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smooth inner lining, (endothelium) of blood vessel and heparin
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endothelium
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inner lining of the blood vessels, smooth and shiny allows blood to flow easily
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heparin
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secreted by mast cells (basophils in and around the liver and lungs) acts as anticoagulant by removing thrombin from clotting process.
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thrombus
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blood clot
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embolus
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a piece of the thrombus that broke off and travels throught the blood to the lungs
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2 types of anticoagulants
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heparin and coumadin
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coumadin
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prevents clot formation by decreaseing prothrombin in the blood synthesis of vitamin k
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clot retraction
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process of clot becoming smaller as water is squeezed out
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fibrinolysis
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process of dissolving a clot
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plasmin
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disolves the clot
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plasminogen
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inactive form of plasmin
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TPA tissue plasminogen activator
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formed by injured tissue activates plaminogen
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abo grouping
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contains a b o and ab blood groups
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antibodies
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found in the plasma of blood type inactivate specific substances in blood
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agglutination
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the clumping of the antigen-antibody interaction
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hemolysis
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rbcs burst or lyse the process
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universal donor
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o blood type
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universal recipent
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ab blood type
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