Anat - Unit 1 - Pelvis Review

Front 1

Where does the piriformis exit the pelvis?

Back 1

Greater sciatic foramen

Front 2

Action of the piriformis

Back 2

Lateral rotator of hip
Abducts thigh

Front 3

The inferior pelvic diaphragm consists of what muscles?

Back 3

Levator ani
coccygeus

Front 4

In females, this muscle serves as a sphincter of the vagina.

Back 4

Levator ani

Front 5

Nerve supply to levator ani

Back 5

Nerve to levator ani (perineal branches of S4)

Front 6

Levator ani muscles

Back 6

Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Levator prostate/sphincter vaginae

Front 7

Levator ani muscle responsible for the anorectal flexure. Also plays a major role in fecal continence

Back 7

Puborectalis

Front 8

The goal of kegel exercises is to strengthen what muscles?

Back 8

Pubococcygeus muscles

Front 9

The main passive support of the uterus is provided by:

Back 9

Lateral cervical ligament

Also called transverse cervical and mackenrodt ligament

Front 10

The main support of the bladder in males

Back 10

Puboprostatic ligament

Front 11

The superior rectal a. is a direct continuation of what artery?

Back 11

Inferior mesenteric

Front 12

Where does the ovarian/testicular a. arise?

Back 12

Abdominal aorta (L1)

Front 13

The anterior division of the internal iliac a. gives rise to what arteries?

Back 13

Obturator
Umbilical
Uterine
Vaginal
Inf. vesical
Middle rectal
Int. pudendal
Inf. gluteal

Front 14

The posterior division of the internal iliac a. gives rise to what arteries?

Back 14

Iliolumbar
Lateral sacral
Sup. gluteal

Front 15

The lumbar splanchnic nerves are (preganglionic|postganglionic) and the sacral splanchnic nerves are (preganglionic|postganglionic)

Back 15

Preganglionic
Postganglionic

Front 16

Lumbar splanchnic nerves carries fibers to what plexuses?

Back 16

Inf. Mesenteric
Sup. Hypogastric

Front 17

Sacral splanchnic nerves carry fibers to what plexus?

Back 17

Inf. hypogastric

Front 18

Arteries that supply the anterosuperior portions of the urinary bladder.

Back 18

Superior vesical aa. (branch off umbilical a.)

Front 19

Arteries that supply the fundus and neck of the bladder.

Back 19

Inferior vesical a. (male)
Vaginal a. (female)

Front 20

In males, these continuous plexuses may provide a route for tumor metastasis to the vertebral column, pelvic bones, and skull.

Back 20

Vescial venous plexus
Prostatic venous plexus

Front 21

The vescial venous plexus and prostatic venous plexus serve to drain what?

Back 21

Fundus of the bladder
Prostate
Seminal vesicles
Ductus deferens
Penis

Front 22

The urinary bladder receives sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation from the:

Back 22

inf. hypogastric plexus

Front 23

In males, this involuntary sphincter inhibits bladder emptying and prevents retrograde ejaculation of semen into the bladder.

Back 23

Internal urethral sphincter

Front 24

The male urethra is divided into these 4 parts from beginning to end:

Back 24

Preprostatic
Prostatic
Membranous
Spongy

Front 25

The part of the male urethra surrounded by the external urethral sphincter.

Back 25

Membranous

Front 26

Plexus responsible for draining the testes.

Back 26

Pampiniform plexus

Front 27

Elongation and dilatation of the pampiniform plexus of veins due to defective valves; “bag of worms”; common disorder in adolescents and young adults; majority occur on the left side

Back 27

Varicocoele (of the spermatic cord)

Front 28

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of what vessels?

Back 28

Seminal vesicle
Ductus deferens

Front 29

The ejaculatory duct separates these two lobes of the prostate

Back 29

Middle (central zone)
Posterior (Peripherial zone)

Front 30

Location at which the ejaculatory duct opens into the prostatic urethra.

Back 30

Seminal colliculus

Front 31

Lobe of the prostate prone to enlargement resulting in nocturia, urgency, dysuria.

Back 31

Middle lobe (central zone)

Front 32

Lobe of the prostate that is a frequent site of cancer in elderly males.

Back 32

Posterior lobe (peripheral zone)

Front 33

The prostatic plexus penetrates the pelvic floor to form the _________ nerves that supply the erectile bodies of the penis and promote erection.

Back 33

cavernous

Front 34

Nerve that supplies the external anal sphincter.

Back 34

Inferior rectal

Front 35

Muscle that forms a sling around the anorectal junction and is crucial for maintaining fecal continence.

Back 35

Puborectalis portion of levator ani

Front 36

Arteries that supply the rectum and where they originate.

Back 36

Superior rectal a. - inferior mesenteric artery
Middle rectal a. – internal iliac artery
Inferior rectal a. - internal pudendal artery

Front 37

Of the veins of the rectum, which return blood to the portal venous system and which return blood to the caval venous system?

Back 37

Superior rectal v. - Portal
Middle rectal v. - Caval
Inferior rectal v. - Caval

Front 38

Normal position of the uterus.

Back 38

Anteverted and anteflexed

Front 39

A uterus in this position is more prone to prolapse.

Back 39

Retroverted

Front 40

Pouch between bladder and uterus

Back 40

Vesicouterine pouch

Front 41

Pouch between rectum and uterus

Back 41

Rectouterine pouch

Front 42

The two parts of the uterus in contact with the bladder.

Back 42

Isthmus
Cervix

Front 43

Artery that passes superior to the ureter that is often cut during a hysterectomy.

Back 43

uterine a.

Front 44

Widest part of the uterine tubes. Typical site of fertilization.

Back 44

Ampulla

Front 45

Most narrow part of the uterine tubes.

Back 45

Isthmus

Front 46

Ligament that connects the ovary to the posterior abdominal wall.

Back 46

Suspensory ligament of the ovary.

Front 47

Location at which a needle can pierce to aspirate fluid from the rectouterine pouch.

Back 47

Posterior fornix of the vagina

Front 48

Layers of the urogenital triangle

Back 48

Skin
Superficial perineal fascia
Fatty layer
Membranous layer (colle's fascia)
Inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm
Urogenital diaphragm
Superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm

Front 49

Muscles in the superficial perineal pouch.

Back 49

Ischiocavernosus m.
Bulbospongiosus m.
Superficial transverse perineal m.

Front 50

Muscles of the deep perineal pouch

Back 50

External urethral sphincter
Deep transverse perineal muscles
Sphincter urethrovaginalis and compressor urethrae (female only)

Front 51

The bulbourethral galnds (male) are located in what pouch?

Back 51

Deep perineal

Front 52

This female muscle may undergo spasm with the levator ani, causing difficulty during pelvic exams or intercourse (vaginismus)

Back 52

sphincter urethrovaginalis

Front 53

Above the pectinate line, the anal canal receives blood from:

Back 53

Superior rectal artery

Front 54

The major somatic nerve supply to the perineum, innervating both skin and skeletal muscles

Back 54

Pudendal Nerve

Front 55

The pudendal nerve leaves the pelvis through the __________ and enters the perineum through the __________

Back 55

Greater sciatic foramen
Lesser sciatic foramen

Front 56

Terminal branches of the pudendal nerve.

Back 56

Inferior rectal nn.
Perineal n.
Dorsal nerve of the penis/clitoris

Front 57

The testis drain into what lymph vessels?

Back 57

lateral aortic (para-aortic or lumbar nodes)