Anat & Phys: Unit 2 Terms

Front 1

Adrenal cortex

Back 1

The outer portion of the adrenal gland located on top of each kidney. The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones which regulate carbohydrate, fat metabolism, and salt and water balance in the body.

Front 2

Anterior pituitary

Back 2

the anterior (glandular) lobe of the pituitary gland; it secretes the anterior pituitary hormones such as growth hormone, thyrotropin, and others

Front 3

Adrenal medulla

Back 3

The inner, reddish-brown portion of the adrenal glands that synthesizes, stores, and releases epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline type hormones)

Front 4

Hormone

Back 4

A steroidal or amino acid-based molecule that is released to the blood that acts as a chemical messenger to regulate specific body functions.

Front 5

Negative feedback

Back 5

feedback that tends to stabilize a process by reducing its rate or output when its effects are too great

Front 6

Pancreas

Back 6

a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin

Front 7

Parathyroid gland

Back 7

any one of four endocrine glands situated above or within the thyroid gland

Front 8

Prostaglandin

Back 8

a potent substance that acts like a hormone and is found in many bodily tissues (and especially in semen); produced in response to trauma and may affect blood pressure and metabolism and smooth muscle activity

Front 9

Thymus gland

Back 9

a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity

Front 10

Thyroid gland

Back 10

An interior organ located in the neck, produces thyroid hormone

Front 11

Target cell

Back 11

any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber etc

Front 12

Endocrine gland

Back 12

Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood

Front 13

Hormone

Back 13

A steroidal or amino acid-based molecule that is released to the blood that acts as a chemical messenger to regulate specific body functions.

Front 14

Body system that includes internal organs that secrete hormones.

Back 14

Endocrine system

Front 15

Addison’s Disease

Back 15

a disorder that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of their hormones. Low cortisol & aldosterone hormones

Front 16

Aldosteronism

Back 16

an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by excessive secretion of aldosterone. Too much hormones. Elevated BP. low patassium. tumors

Front 17

Cushing’s syndrome

Back 17

a relatively rare endocrine (hormonal) disorder resulting from excessive exposure to the hormone cortisol. The disorder, which leads to a variety of symptoms and physical abnormalities, is most commonly caused by taking medications containing the hormone over a long period of time. A more rare form of the disorder occurs when the body itself produces an excessive amount of cortisol.

Front 18

Diabetes

Back 18

a polygenic disease characterized by abnormally high glucose levels in the blood; any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst

Front 19

IDDM

Back 19

type I diabetes: severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease

Front 20

NIDDM

Back 20

type II diabetes: mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults; can be precipitated by obesity or severe stress or menopause or other factors; can usually be controlled by diet and hypoglycemic agents without injections of insulin

Front 21

Adrenogenital syndrome

Back 21

causes boys to develop too fast. puberty begins too early. Hypersecretion.

Front 22

Posterior pituitary

Back 22

comprises the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland and is part of the endocrine system