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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pressures (5)
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Atmospheric Pressure
Alveolar Pressure Intraoral Pressure Intrapleural Pressure Subglottal Pressure |
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Atmospheric Pressure
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Measured at sea level
displaces 760 mm of mercury treated as zero |
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Alveolar Pressure
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Pressure inside the alveoli
becomes more negative upon inhalation exhale, becomes more positive |
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Intrapleural pressure
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Pressure between visceral and parietal pleura
Always negative becomes more negative as we inhale |
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Subglottal pressure
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Below the level of the vocal folds
Vocal folds closed = + pressure Vocal folds open = atmospheric pressure |
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Intraoral pressure
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Pressure in mouth
Mouth open = atmospheric pressure Mouth closed = + pressure (for stops/plosives) |
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Respiration for Speech
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Subglottal pressure
When talking normally, we need about 3-5 cm of water to start vocal folds (7 to 10 for loud) |
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Inspiration vs Expiration Cycle
Life vs Speech |
Life = 40% inhaling, 60% exhaling
Speech = 10% inhaling, 90% exhaling "checking action" use of Expiratory Reserve |
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Muscular Activity
Life vs Speech |
Life = just diaphragm to inhale
Speech = For inhaling: Diaphragm, External intercostals For exhaling: Internal intercostals, External obliques, Rectus Abdominus, Latissimus Dorsi |
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Anatomy of Phonation
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vocal folds
larynx pharynx glottis - space between vocal folds subglottis - below vocal folds |
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Mechanics of vibration (5)
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Vibration
Elasticity Stiffness Inertia Cycle |
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Vibration
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if no resistance, it will go on forever
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Elasticity
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property to allow it to return to original shape
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Stiffness
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back to same length, shape, size
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Inertia
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Property of a body in motion stays in motion, body at rest stays at rest
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Cycle
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one inspiration, one expiration
Opening and closing of vocal folds Frequency = cycles/second = Hz |
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Diaphragm
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bowl-shaped muscle
primary muscle of inspiration attached at xiphoid process anteriorally, vertebral column (lumbar) posteriorally, ribs laterally |
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parts of Diaphragm (4)
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Central tendon
Esophogeal Hiatus Aortic Hiatus (blood supply going down) Foramen Vena Cava (blood supply for veins going up) |
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Bernoulli effect
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Given a constant volume (flow of air), at a point of constriction, there will be decrease in air pressure perpendicular to the flow of air and an increase in the velocity of the flow
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checking action
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gradual release of air while speaking
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english sounds that use the phonatory mechanism
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vowels
b, z, m, v, th (unaccented) and dj |