Anat Limb 7

Front 1

Femoral triangle
Borders
Content

Back 1

Superior:Inguinal ligament
Laterally:Sartorius m.
Femoral Triangle
Medially: adductor longus m. Base: inguinal ligament
Inferior: Apex
Floor: iliopsoas muscle (iliacus m + psoas major m) and pectineus m.

Hint 1

Contents: NAVL (nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics) lateral->medial
-Femoral Nerve
-Femoral Artery:
-Femoral vein

Front 2

Femoral Nerve: lies on
Femoral Artery: courses through

Back 2

-lies on floor of triangle to innervate the anterior thigh m. and skin of anterior thigh (not within femoral sheath, lies external to it)
o Anterior cutaneous branches: enters superficial fascia by penetrating fascia lata along anterior surface of Sartorius m.
-courses through triangle then distally between Sartorius m. and adductor longus m. then goes through adductor hiatus where it changes its name to popliteal artery.

Hint 2

courses through triangle then distally between Sartorius m. and adductor longus m. then goes through adductor hiatus where it changes its name to popliteal artery.

Front 3

-Superficial external pudendal artery
-Superficial epigastric artery
-Superficial circumflex iliac artery

Back 3

-(passes medially to supply part of perineum)
-(passes superiorly to supply superficial fascia of abdominal wall)

Hint 3

Superficial circumflex iliac artery (passes laterally to supply proximal thigh)

Front 4

Deep artery of the thigh/deep femoral artery/profunda femoris artery: Courses
-Lateral circumflex femoral artery (may also arise from

Back 4

-Courses parallel to femoral artery, but posterior to the adductor longus m. then courses inferiorly between the adductor longus and adductor brevis to supply the medial and posterior compartments of the thigh

Hint 4

-may also arise from femoral artery): courses laterally deep to the proximal end of rectus femoris m to supply the muscles and soft tissues of the lateral part of the thigh

Front 5

-Lateral circumflex branches
-Anastamoses

Back 5

Ascending branch:
Transverse branch
Descending branch:

Hint 5

Ascending branch: anastomoses w/ Superior Gluteal a.
• Transverse branch: anastomoses w/ medial circumflex
femoral a.
• Descending branch: anastomoses w/ genicular arteries of
the knee

Front 6

Medial circumflex femoral artery
 Perforating branches

Back 6

may also arise from femoral
artery) : passes posteriorly between pectineus m. and iliopsoas m to supply the head and neck of the femur

Hint 6

penetrates the adductor magnus and encircle the femur to supply muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh (will supply part of adductor compartment on its way)

Front 7

Femoral vein runs with

Back 7

(with great saphenous vein) o lies posterior to femoral a.

Hint 7

Enveloped by Femoral sheath

Front 8

Femoral Sheath

Back 8

extension of transversalis fascia into the thigh that envelopes the proximal
end of the femoral artery and vein and some deep inguinal lymph nodes

Hint 8

Medial compartment is the femoral canal with its proximal opening into
the abdominal cavity as the femoral ring

Front 9

Fascial Compartments

Back 9

Anterior (extensor), Medial (adductor), Posterior (flexor)

Hint 9

ok

Front 10

Adductor Canal
Courses
Contains

Back 10

Aponeurotic tunnel deep to Sartorius m. extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the opening of the adductor hiatus (just above the knee)
• Courses between the anterior and medial compartment of the thigh

Hint 10

Contains the femoral a & v, saphenous n (cutaneous to medial leg, ankle, and foot), nerve to vastus medialis (motor n. to muscle of same name)

Front 11

aphenous n passes into the adductor canal but

Back 11

oes NOT enter the adductor hiatus (it becomes superficial and passes between Sartorius and gracilis)

Hint 11

k

Front 12

Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
responsible for
and they are

Back 12

responsible for extension of the leg and flexion of the thigh
arterial supply via femoral a and deep femoral a
innervation by motor branches of the femoral n. (L2,L3,L4) (exception: psoas portion of iliopsoas m. is innervated by anterior rami of L1,L2,L3)

Hint 12

Iliopsoas m
Sartorius m
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
vastus medialis

Front 13

liopsoas m.
attachment
fxn

Back 13

Iliacus m: Proximal attachment: iliac fossa
o Psoas Major m: Proximal attachment: transverse process and bodies of
vertebrae T12-L5
o Iliopsoas m distal attachment: lesser trochanter of the femur

Hint 13

Fxn: major flexor of the thigh

Front 14

Sartorius m
attachment
fx

Back 14

Proximal attachment: ASIS
o Distal attachment: medial surface of the proximal tibia (pes anserine)

Hint 14

Fxn: flexes and laterally rotates the thigh and flexes the leg

Front 15

rectus femoris attachment
fx

Back 15

proximal attachment: AIIS
o distal attachment: tibial tuberosity

Hint 15

Fxn: flexes the thigh and extends the leg

Front 16

vastus lateralis attachment
fx

Back 16

proximal attachment: lateral lip of the linea aspera & greater trochanter of
the femur
o distal attachment: tibial tuberosity

Hint 16

Fxn: extends the leg

Front 17

vastus intermedius attachment
fx

Back 17

descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral a. on anterior surface o proximal attachment: anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur
o distal attachment: tibial tuberosity

Hint 17

Fxn: extends the leg

Front 18

vastus medialis attachment
fx

Back 18

proximal attachment: medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur and the
intertrochanteric line
o distal attachment: tibial tuberosity

Hint 18

fxn: extends the leg

Front 19

the quadriceps femoris muscle:

Back 19

endon attaches to the patella whose patella ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity

Hint 19

k

Front 20

Quadriceps femoris m. occupies most of

Back 20

the anterior compartment of the thigh

Hint 20

k

Front 21

the inner surface of the fascia lata is
-The lateral intermuscular septum is

Back 21

The inner surface of the fascia lata is continuous with the lateral intermuscular
septum

Hint 21

The lateral intermuscular septum is attached to the linea aspera on the posterior aspect
of the femur

Front 22

Medial Compartment of the Thigh
fxn
arterial suppply and innervation

Back 22

Fxn: adduct the thigh

Hint 22

Arterial supply via obturator a and branches from deep artery of the thigh
Innervation via obturator n. (exception: hamstring portion of adductor magnus and pectineus)

Front 23

Medial compartment muscles

Back 23

Gracilis m.
Adductor longus m.
Adductor brevis m.
Pectineus m.
Adductor magnus m.
Obturator externus m.

Front 24

Gracilis attach

Back 24

proximal attachment: pubic bone
o distal attachment:pes anserine

Hint 24

k

Front 25

Adductor longus m.
attch

Back 25

anterior and posterior branches of the obturator n. pass anterior and posterior respectively
o proximal attachment: body and inferior ramus of the pubis
o distal attachment: pectineal line and linea aspera of the femur

Hint 25

k

Front 26

Pectineus m.
Attch
Innervation

Back 26

Proximal attachment: pectin pubis and superior ramus of the pubis o Distal attachment: pectineal line of the femur

Hint 26

Innervation via femoral n.

Front 27

Adductor magnus m.
attch

Back 27

Proximal attachment:
 Adductor portion: ischipubic ramus
 Hamstring portion: ischial tuberosity o Distal attachment:
 Adductor portion: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar linea
 Hamstring portion: adductor tubercle of the femur
o The hamstring portion (most medial innervated by the tibial division of the
sciatic n
o Adductor hiatus opens with the adductor magnus tendon (how the femoral
a and v pass from the anterior to posterior compartment)

Hint 27

k

Front 28

Obturator externus m.
attach
Fxn

Back 28

Proximal attachment: superior pubic ramus, ischiopubic ramus, and the external surface of the obturator membrane
o Distal attachment: trochanteric fossa

Hint 28

Fxn: laterally rotates the thigh, mild adduction

Front 29

femoral a. pulse can be palpated

Back 29

3cm inferior to midpoint of inguinal ligament. A catheter introduced into the femoral a can be advanced proximally into the aorta and its branches. A catheter introduced into the femoral v. can be advanced through the IVC into the right atrium of the heart

Hint 29

Femoral Triangle

Front 30

Femoral Hernia
Patellar tendon reflex

Back 30

protrusion of abdominal viscera through the femoral ring into the femoral canal. It may become strangulated due to the inflexibility of the inguinal ligament.

Hint 30

Tapping the patella ligament stimulates the patellar reflex by activating muscle spindles in the quadriceps femoris m. and afferent impulses travel in the femoral n to spinal cord segments L2,L3,L4. Efferent impulses are then carried by the femoral n. to the quadriceps femoris m. resulting in a brief contraction.