Anat Lab 12

Front 1

medial wall of orbit

Back 1

Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal Foramina

Front 2

Gap between the maxilla and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Back 2

Inferior Orbital Fissure

Front 3

Part of the ethmoid bone that forms the medial wall (paper thin)

Back 3

\Lamina Papyracea

Front 4

Periosteum that lines the bones of the orbit

Back 4

. Periorbita:

Front 5

i. At the optic canal and the superior orbital fissure: periorbita is continuous with

Back 5

the dura mater of the middle cranial fossa

Front 6

Roof of the orbit: related to

Back 6

the anterior cranial fossa

Front 7

Floor of the orbit: related to

Back 7

the maxillary sinus

Front 8

Medial wall of the orbit: related to

Back 8

the ethmoidal cells

Front 9

opening between the eyelids

Back 9

Palpebral Fissure

Front 10

where the upper and lower eyelids join

Back 10

Medial and Lateral Palpebral Commissures

Front 11

medial and lateral corners of the eye

Back 11

Medial & Lateral Angles (canthi)

Front 12

Within the medial angle, observe:
1)lacrimal curencle
2) lacrimal lake
3)Lacrimal Papillae
4)Lacrima Puncta

Back 12

1)pink fleshy bump
2)surrounds the lacrimal caruncle
3)a small bump on the medial end of each eyelid
4)Lacrimal Puncta: A small opening at the apex of each lacrimal papilla

Front 13

whitish posterior 5/6ths of the exterior coat of the eyeball

Back 13

Sclera

Front 14

the transparent anterior 1/6th of the exterior coat of the eyeball

Back 14

Cornea:

Front 15

the colored diaphragm seen through the corne

Back 15

Iris

Front 16

aperture in the center of the iris

Back 16

Pupil:

Front 17

: the membrane that lines the surface of the eyeball

Back 17

Bulbar conjunctiva

Front 18

: membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid

Back 18

Palpebral conjunctiva

Front 19

the regions where the bulbar conjunctiva becomes continuous with the palpebral conjunctiva

Back 19

Superior and inferior conjunctival fornices

Front 20

potential space between the bulbar conjunctiva and the palpebral conjunctiva

Back 20

. Conjunctival sac

Front 21

Orbital Septum

Back 21

sheet of connective tissue that is attached to the periosteum at the margin of the orbit and to the tarsal plates

Front 22

Orbital Septum separates

Back 22

the superficial fascia of the face from the contents of the orbit

Front 23

Tarsal Plates

Back 23

give shape to the eyelids: thickened areas of connective tissue just deep to orbicularis oculi

Front 24

embedded in the posterior surface of each tarsal plate

Back 24

Tarsal Glands

Front 25

Tarsal Glands secrete

Back 25

oily substance onto the margin of the eyelid that prevents the overflow of lacrimal fluid (tears): when you have too many tears it overflows-> CRY!

Front 26

. Lacrimal Gland: occupies

Back 26

the lacrimal fossa in the frontal bone
a. Drains into the superior conjunctival fornix by 6 to 10 short ducts

Front 27

serves as the origin and insertion of the
orbicularis oculi muscles

Back 27

Medial Palpebral Ligament

Front 28

Drain lacrimal fluid from the medial angle of the eye into the lacrimal sac

Back 28

Lateral Canaliculi (2):

Front 29

extends inferiorly from the lacrimal sac and enters the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

Back 29

Nasolacrimal Duct

Front 30

The Flow of Tears

Back 30

• Lacrimal fluid flows from the lacrimal gland across the eyeball to the medial angle of the eye
• During crying, excess lacrimal fluid cannot be emptied through the lacrimal canaliculi and tears overflow the lower eyelids
• Increased drainage of tears into the nasal cavity results in sniffling (characteristic of crying)

Front 31

Where flow of tears passes through

Back 31

BREAK DOWN: Tears drain lateral to medial -> Drain into punctum ->Lacrimal canaliculi ->Nasolacrimal sac ->Nasolacriminal duct ->Inferior Meatus

Front 32

Frontal Nerve

Back 32

a. Branch of V1
b. Courses from the apex of the orbit towards the superior orbital margin

Front 33

Frontal nerve terminal branches

Back 33

Supratrochlear Nerve and Supraorbital Nerve: both do sensory to the forehead
d. Also gives off an Infratrochlear nerve

Front 34

Lacrimal Nerve

Back 34

a. Branch of V1
b. Passes through the superior orbital fissure lateral to the frontal nerve and courses along the lateral wall of the orbital
c. Smaller than the frontal nerve

Front 35

Trochlear Nerve (CN 4)

Back 35

Passes through the superior orbital fissure medial to the frontal nerve BUT NOT the common tendinous ring
Innervates the superior oblique muscle (motor innervation)
Trochlear nerve usually enters the superior border of the superior oblique muscle in its posterior 1/3rd

Front 36

Abducens Nerve (CN 6)

Back 36

Passes in between the 2 heads of the lateral rectus muscle, turns laterally and enters the medial surface of the lateral rectus muscle

Front 37

Nasociliary Nerve

Back 37

Branch of V1
Smaller than the frontal nerve
Crosses superior to the optic nerve and gives off several long ciliary nerves to the posterior part of the eyeball

Front 38

Nasocilliary Nerve branches

Back 38

Long ciliary nerves and the anterior/posterior ethmoidal nerve

Front 39

Anterior Ethmoidal Nerve

Back 39

Passes through the ethmoidal foramen
Supplies the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity

Front 40

Anterior Ethmoidal nerve terminal branch

Back 40

External nasal nerve ->innervates the skin at the tip of the nose

Front 41

Oculomotor Nerve (CN3) Superior division Innervates the

Back 41

Levator Palpebrae Superioris & Superior Rectus

Front 42

Oculomotor nerve inferior division innervates

Back 42

Innervates the Medial Rectus, Inferior Rectus & Inferior Oblique Muscle

Front 43

Ciliary Ganglion

Back 43

a. Parasympathetic ganglion located between the optic nerve and the lateral rectus muscle
b. Short ciliary nerves connect the ciliary ganglion to the posterior surface of the eyeball

Front 44

Optic Nerve (CN 2) surrounded by

Back 44

dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater

Front 45

c. Tendon of the superior oblique muscle passes through

Back 45

trochlea

Front 46

D. Lateral Rectus Muscle Arises by

Back 46

2 heads from the common tendinous ring

Front 47

SO4 LR6 AL3

Back 47

SO=Superior oblique; LR=Lateral Rectus; AL=all the rest)

Front 48

The four rectus muscles attach to the sclera near the cornea. The two oblique muscles attach to the

Back 48

sclera on the posterior half of the eyeball

Front 49

Opthalmic Artery branches`

Back 49

i. Lacrimal artery (courses laterally)
ii. Posterior ciliary arteries: supply the eyeball
iii. Posterior ethmoidal artery
iv. Terminal Branches: Supratrochlear and Supraorbital arteries

Front 50

Superior ophthalmic vein anastomoses with

Back 50

the angular vein (tributary of the facial vein)

Front 51

Infections of the upper lip, cheeks and forehead may spread through the facial and angular veins into the

Back 51

ophthalmic veins and then into the cavernous sinus. Thrombosis of the cavernous sinus may lead to involvement of abducent nerve and dysfunction of the lateral rectus muscle.

Front 52

Common Tendinous Ring a. Surrounds the

Back 52

optic canal and part of the superior orbital fissure
Posterior attachment for the four rectus muscles

Front 53

Objects that pass through the ring

Back 53

i. Optic Nerve
ii. Nasociliary Nerve
iii. Oculomotor Nerve (both divisions)
iv. Abducent Nerve
v. Central Artery of the Retina (DIDN’T SEE): Branch of Ophthalmic artery that runs inferior to the optic nerve to the eyeball

Front 54

Fibrous Outer Layer

Back 54

Sclera (posterior 5/6ths) and cornea (anterior 1/6th)

Front 55

Vascular (middle) layer

Back 55

Choroid, ciliary body and iris

Front 56

Optic Disc

Back 56

where the optic nerve and retinal vessels enter and leave ** This is our blind spot, we have no sensory cells there

Front 57

Lens- may be replaces by

Back 57

Prosthetic Implant

Front 58

-External Ear composed of

Back 58

auricle
external acoustic meatus (ear canal)

Front 59

Middle ear composed of

Back 59

. ossicles (bones of the middle ear)

Front 60

Internal Ear composed of

Back 60

vestibulocochlear organ
(semicircular canals)

Front 61

Orientation (Walls of the tympanic cavity):

Back 61

. Roof: tegmental wall is formed by the
tegmen tympani
2. Floor: jugular wall (IJV)
3. Lateral wall: tympanic membrane (ear drum)
4. Medial wall: tympanic plexus and labyrinthine
5. Anterior wall: carotid wall (ICA), tensor tympani, auditory tube
6. Posterior wall: mastoid air cells, stapedius m, aditus to mastoid antrum

Front 62

Temporal Bone Structures
Intercranial surface

Back 62

1. Groove for the greater petrosal nerve
2. Tegmen Tympani: a portion of the floor of the middle cranial fossa that forms the roof of the tympanic cavity
3. Internal acoustic meatus

Front 63

Temporal Bone Structures external surface

Back 63

External acoustic meatus: outer 1/3rd is cartilaginous and 2/3rds is bony
2. Mastoid process
3. Stylomastoid foramen
4. Jugular fossa
5. Carotid canal
6. Bony portion of the pharyngotympanic tube (Eustachian tube)

Front 64

Auricle components

Back 64

1. Helix- the rim of the auricle
2. Antihelix- the curved prominence anterior to the helix
3. Concha- the deepest part of the auricle
4. Tragus
5. Antitragus
6. Lobule of the auricle: no cartilage here

Front 65

Separates the external acoustic meatus from the tegmen tympani

Back 65

Tympanic Membrane (ear drum):

Front 66

Carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion for innervation of the mucous membranes of the nasal and oral cavities and the lacrimal gland

Back 66

Greater Petrosal Nerve

Front 67

Greater petrosal nerve joins the deep petrosal nerve to form

Back 67

the Nerve of the Pterygoid canal= carries the preganglionic fibers of the greater petrosal nerve to the pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 68

Cochlea

Back 68

Lies anterior to the internal acoustic meatus in the angle formed by the facial nerve, geniculate ganglion and the greater petrosal nerve

Front 69

Auditory Ossicles

Back 69

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

Front 70

Malleus attached to

Back 70

tympanic membrane

Front 71

Incus

Back 71

occupies an intermediate position

Front 72

Stapes most

Back 72

medial ossicles

Front 73

Where does the chorda tympani pass through?

Back 73

malleus and incus

Front 74

Wheres the round window (fenestrae cochleae)?

Back 74

posterior inferior to the promontory
It allows fluid in the cochlea to move, which in turn ensures that hair cells of the basilar membrane will be stimulated and that audition will occur

Front 75

Tensor Tympani Muscle: attaches to

Back 75

the phargyngotympanic tube and sphenoid bone

Front 76

: Innervates the mucous membrane of the tympanic cavity and it forms the tympanic plexus under the mucosa that covers the promontory

Back 76

Glossopharyngeal Nerve