Anat Chp 26 Urinary System

Front 1

What is the organ that filters the blood and produces urine?

Back 1

kidney

Front 2

The remaining 3 form the urinary tract, match them to their description. muscular tubes carry urine from kidneys to bladder –
muscular sac stores urine – muscular tube carries urine from bladder to outside –

Back 2

-ureters
-urinary bladder
-urethra

Front 3

Describe the position of the kidneys relative to the vertebral column and the peritoneum.

Back 3

-lateral to vertebral column
-retroperitoneal

Front 4

Describe the location of the urinary bladder in men and women.
in both –
men –
women –

Back 4

-posterior to symphysis pubis
-superior to prostate and anterior to rectum
-anterior to uterus and vagina

Front 5

What tissue lines the urinary bladder?

Back 5

transitional epithelium

Front 6

Match the muscles that control the release of urine from the body to their description. involuntary, smooth muscle – voluntary, skeletal muscle –

Back 6

-internal urethral sphincter
-external urethral sphincter

Front 7

List 7 functions performed by the kidney.

Back 7

-regulate plasma ion concentration
-regulate blood volume/ pressure
-maintain blood pH
-conserve nutrients
-eliminate organic wastes
-synthesize calcitriol
assist liver in detoxification

Front 8

Match the 3 layers surrounding the kidney to their description, listed deep to superficial.
collagen fibers covering the kidney surface –

Back 8

-renal capsule

Front 9

Match the 3 layers surrounding the kidney to their description, listed deep to superficial.
adipose tissue surrounding the kidney –

Back 9

-adipose capsule

Front 10

Match the 3 layers surrounding the kidney to their description, listed deep to superficial.
collagen fibers binding kidney to muscle and peritoneum –

Back 10

renal fascia

Front 11

What do we call the concave, medial portion of the kidney where vessels enter or exit?

Back 11

hilum

Front 12

What do we call the outer, granular, reddish-brown layer of the kidney?

Back 12

-renal cortex

Front 13

What do we call the internal, darker layer of the kidney that consists of 6-18 triangular structures?

Back 13

-renal medulla

Front 14

What do we call the triangular structures of the internal, darker layer of the kidney?

Back 14

-renal pyramids

Front 15

What are the light-colored bands (cortex extensions) that separate these triangles?

Back 15

renal columns

Front 16

What do we call the internal space (lateral to the hilum) that contains vessels, particularly the tubes that collect urine, and adipose tissue?

Back 16

-renal sinus

Front 17

What do we call the functional unit of the kidney consisting of a renal pyramid, the overlying cortex, and adjacent segment of renal column?

Back 17

-renal lobe

Front 18

List the tubes (within the renal sinus) that transport urine from the renal pyramids to the ureter from small to large.

Back 18

-minor calyx
-major calyx
-renal pelvis

Front 19

What microscopic tubular structures within the kidney produce urine?

Back 19

nephron

Front 20

What are the three processes of urine formation?

Back 20

-filtration
-tubular reabsorption
-tubular secretion

Front 21

What do we call the filtering component of the nephron that contains a capillary network that serves to filter the smaller contents (excludes cells and plasma proteins) from the blood and a cup-like portion that serves as the beginning of the urine forming tubular portion of the nephron?

Back 21

renal corpuscle

Front 22

What is the name for the cup-like portion of this structure that collects fluids from a capillary network filter?

Back 22

-glomerular capsule

Front 23

Match the blood vessels of the renal corpuscle to their description.
arteriole bringing blood to the capillary filter –

Back 23

-afferent arteriole

Front 24

Match the blood vessels of the renal corpuscle to their description.
capillary filter between the arterioles –

Back 24

- glomerulus

Front 25

Match the blood vessels of the renal corpuscle to their description.
arteriole taking blood from the capillary filter –

Back 25

-efferent arteriole

Front 26

List 3 factors that make the capillary network of the renal corpuscle act as a filter.

Back 26

-afferent arteriole is wider than efferent causing high pressure
-glomerulus is leaky
-capillary endothelium is fenestrated

Front 27

What is the name of the urine forming tubular portion of the nephron (has 3 primary regions)?

Back 27

renal tubule

Front 28

Match the 3 parts of the renal tubule to their description.
First section, microvilli covered simple cuboidal epithelium –
actively absorbs nutrients and ions, passively absorbs water

Back 28

proximal convoluted tubule

Front 29

Match the 3 parts of the renal tubule to their description.
Middle section, travels into and out of medulla, two portions –
Transports sodium and chloride ions into medulla, cuboidal –
Allows water to pass into medulla, squamous –
Final section, simple cuboidal epithelium lacks microvilli – actively secretes ions, acids / selectively reabsorbs sodium, calcium, water

Back 29

-nephron loop
-thick section
-thin section
-distal convoluted tubule

Front 30

What do we call the tubes, sensitive to ADH and can absorb water from the tubular fluid, that collect tubular fluid from many nephrons?

Back 30

collecting ducts

Front 31

Through what structure does the collecting duct open into the minor calyx?

Back 31

renal papilla

Front 32

List the two types of nephron based on the location of their renal corpuscle. Within the cortex –
At the junction of the cortex and medulla –

Back 32

-cortical nephrons
-juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 33

What feature is useful for discriminating between these two both anatomically and functionally?

Back 33

length of the nephron loop

Front 34

Match the capillary networks that arise from the efferent arteriole to their descriptions.
Cortical capillaries surrounding convoluted tubules –
Associated with cortical nephrons

Back 34

peritubular capillaries

Front 35

Match the capillary networks that arise from the efferent arteriole to their descriptions.
Medullary capillaries surrounding nephron loop –
Associated with juxtamedullary nephrons

Back 35

vasa recta

Front 36

What structures consist of a couple of cell types working together to regulate blood pressure by responding to changes in blood volume or solute concentration by secreting a hormone (renin) that initiates a metabolic pathway that leads to an increase in blood volume?

Back 36

juxtaglomerular apparatus