Anat Chp 15

Front 1

What is the collective name for the 3 membranes that surround/protect the brain and spinal cord?

Back 1

Meninges

Front 2

What is the name of the most superficial of the meninges, consisting of two layers of tough, fibrous connective tissue?
What is the name of the space outside of this membrane (filled with fat in the vertebral foramen) where anesthetics can injected (or dripped)?

Back 2

dura mater
epidural space

Front 3

What is the name of the blood vessels formed where the layers of the dura mater separate?

Back 3

dural venous sinuses

Front 4

What is the general term for the four extensions of the dura mater that create flat partitions between different parts of the brain (include the falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli)?

Back 4

cranial dural septa

Front 5

What is the name of the middle layer of the meninges that is delicate and contains a web-like meshwork of fibers on its deep side?

Back 5

arachnoid mater

Front 6

What is the name of the space below arachnoid mater in which the CSF circulates?
What is the name of the structures formed from this membrane that protrude into the blood vessels of the dura that allow CSF to return to the cardiovascular system?

Back 6

subarachnoid space
-arachnoid villi

Front 7

What is the name of the highly vascular deep layer of the meninges that is attached to the surface of the brain, following its contours (unlike the superficial and middle layers)?

Back 7

Pia Mater

Front 8

What does CSF stand for?

Back 8

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 9

What structures, composed of fenestrated capillaries and ependymal cells, create CSF?

Back 9

choroid plexuses

Front 10

In what fluid-filled cavities of the brain are these structures located (generic term)?

Back 10

ventricles

Front 11

What is the largest part of the brain?

Back 11

cerebrum

Front 12

What do we call the two, separate halves of the cerebrum?
and the deep division between them?

Back 12

cerebral hemispheres
-longitudinal fissure

Front 13

What is the bridge of white matter (axons in a commissural tract) that connects the two hemispheres superior to the lateral ventricles?

Back 13

corpus callosum

Front 14

We say that this portion of the brain is convoluted (wrinkled), allowing us ~2.5ft2 of cerebral cortex. What do we call the raised areas and the depressions between them that create the wrinkled appearance?

Back 14

raised areas= gyri/ gyrus
depressed= sulci/ sulcus

Front 15

This region of the brain is gray on the outside and white on the inside. What are the names of the white and gray areas (and the gray areas within the white)?

Back 15

grey- cerebral cortex
white- cerebral medulla
grey w/in white- cerebral nuclei

Front 16

What lobe lies anterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary motor cortex? Its functions extend beyond motor control to higher intellectual functions such as personality, decision making, and concentration.

Back 16

frontal lobe

Front 17

Where is the primary motor cortex located in the frontal lobe?

Back 17

pre-central gyrus

Front 18

What lobe lies posterior to the central sulcus and contains the primary somatosensory cortex? Its functions include perception of touch, pressure, vibration, temperature

Back 18

parietal lobe

Front 19

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex located in the parietal lobe?

Back 19

post central gyrus

Front 20

What lobe lies inferior to the lateral sulcus and contains the primary auditory and olfactory cortices? Its functions include perception of smell and hearing

Back 20

temporal lobe

Front 21

What lobe lies on the posterior aspect of the cerebrum and contains the visual cortex? The function of this lobe is the perception of visual information.

Back 21

occipital lobe

Front 22

What areas of the cerebrum do not receive sensory information directly (the appropriate sensory cortex does) or generate motor impulses (the appropriate motor cortex area does) but interpret sensory input (or motor output) in light of memories to comprehend sensory input or coordinate motor output?

Back 22

association areas

Front 23

What functional group of components of the cerebrum and diencephalon 1) establishes emotional state and behavior drives, 2) links conscious and unconscious brain functions, and 3) facilitates memory storage and retrieval?

Back 23

limbic system

Front 24

What is the technical term for the portion of the brain, deep to the cerebrum, that contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland?

Back 24

diencephalon

Front 25

What gland is located on the posterior portion of the diencephalon and secretes melatonin (a hormone involved in day-night cycles and onset of puberty)?

Back 25

pineal gland

Front 26

What structure, formed of most of the neural mass of the diencephalon, is filled with nuclei that relay sensory information to the appropriate region of the cerebral cortex for that particular stimulus?

Back 26

thalamus

Front 27

What structure on the anterior and inferior aspect of the diencephalon is the control center for the ANS and the endocrine system as well as being involved in the regulation of things such as behavioral drives, body temperature, and circadian rhythms?

Back 27

hypothalamus

Front 28

What endocrine gland is located inferior to the hypothalamus (and actually stores 2 hormones secreted by the hypothalamus)?

Back 28

pituitary gland

Front 29

What are the 3 components of the brain stem?

Back 29

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

Front 30

What region of the brain, found immediately inferior to the diencephalon, generates reflexive responses to visual and auditory information and contains nuclei involved with involuntary motor activities such as maintaining muscle tone?

Back 30

midbrain

Front 31

What is the specific term for the 2-pairs of sensory nuclei responsible for generating auditory and visual reflexes?

Back 31

corpora quadrigemina

Front 32

What large, anterior bulge of the brainstem holds centers that work with the medulla oblongata to control breathing as well as tracts connecting the cerebellum to the rest of the brain and nuclei for many cranial nerves?

Back 32

pons

Front 33

What inferior portion of the brainstem (immediately superior to the spinal cord) serves as a connection for many cranial nerves and holds autonomic nuclei associated with reflexes involving heart rate blood flow, and respiratory rate?

Back 33

medulla oblongata

Front 34

What region of the brain, the second largest, maintains equilibrium and posture as well as programming and fine-tuning motor commands (using stored memories of movement patterns)?

Back 34

cerebellum