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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the definition of axilla?
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pyramidal space inferior to glenohumeral joint & superior to axillary fascia at junction of arm & thorax
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what is the overall purpose of the axilla
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a passagway for neurovascular structures that serve the upper limb, normally protected by the adducted upper limb
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what does the axilla look like when the arm is fully abducted? why?
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almost disappears
this is the position where contents most vulnerable |
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what are the three muscular & one bony wall of the axilla?
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anterior - pec muscles
medial - serratus anterior (overlying 4th rib) posterior - subscapularis, lat dorsi, teres major lateral - intertubercular sulcus of humerus (bony) |
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what is the anterior axillary fold?
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inferiormost part of the anterior wall that can be grasped with fingers (pec major)
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what is the definition of axilla?
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pyramidal space inferior to glenohumeral joint & superior to axillary fascia at junction of arm & thorax
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what is the overall purpose of the axilla
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a passagway for neurovascular structures that serve the upper limb, normally protected by the adducted upper limb
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what does the axilla look like when the arm is fully abducted? why?
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almost disappears
this is the position where contents most vulnerable |
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what are the three muscular & one bony wall of the axilla?
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anterior - pec muscles
medial - serratus anterior (overlying 4th rib) posterior - subscapularis, lat dorsi, teres major lateral - intertubercular sulcus of humerus (bony) |
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what is the anterior axillary fold?
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inferiormost part of the anterior wall that can be grasped with fingers (pec major)
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what is posterior axillary fold?
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inferiormost part of the posterior wall that can be grasped - lat dorsi & teres major
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what is the cervicoaxillary canal, what is it for & what are its boundaries?
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the apex of the axilla
passageway between neck & axilla bounded by 1st rib, clavicle & superior edge of scapula |
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what is the axillary fossa & what forms it?
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the armpit
aka the base of the axilla deep fascia extending from arm to thoracic wall (at level 4th rib) |
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what are the boundaries of the base of axilla?
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anterior & posterior axillary folds, thoracic wall & medial aspect of arm
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what are the contents of the axilla?
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axillary sheath which contains:
blood vessels - axillary artery & branches - axillary vein & tributaries brachial plexus which gives of nerves to bordering muscles (in another flashcard) also: axillary lymph nodes short & long head of biceps coracobrachialis everything embedded in a matrix of axillary fat |
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what anatomical landmarks distinguish the components of subclavian-axillary-brachial artery?
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the subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery & the lateral border of the 1st rib
the axillary artery becomes the brachial artery when it passes the inferior border of teres major (ie when it reaches the humerus) |
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what is the mnemonic for the branches of the axillary artery?
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(first part)
She - Superior Thoracic (second part) Tastes - thoracoacromial Like - lateral thoracic (third part) Sweet - subscapular Apple - ant humeral circumflex Pie - post humeral circumflex |
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where is & what encloses the first part of the axillary artery?
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bw lateral border 1st rib & med border pec minor
enclosed by axillary sheath |
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where is & where do the branches of the 2nd part of axillary artery pass?
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2nd part posterior to pec minor
thoracoacromial passes medial to muscle lateral thoracic passes lateral to muscle |
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where is the third part of the axillary artery?
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lat border or pec minor to inferior border teres major
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draw the arteries of the upper limb
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moore 6.39A
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what are the branches of the subclavian after the vertebral?
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thyrocervical trunk (superior)
internal thoracic (inferior) |
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what is the course of the superior thoracic artery?
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anteromedially across top of pec minor
passes between pec min & maj to thoracic wall |
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what branch of the thyrocervical trunk can pass directly from subclavian artery?
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suprascapular artery
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what does the superior thoracic artery supply?
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intercostal spaces 1 & 2
superior part serratus anterior |
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where can the axillary artery be safely clamped without endangering the arm? why?
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proximal to origin of subscapular artery
anastomoses around scapula provide collateral path to supply arm including dorsal scapular & suprascapular arteries |
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what is the course of the thoracoacromial artery?
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curs around superomedial border of pec minor
pierces costocoracoid membrane (clavipec fascia) & divides into 4 brances |
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what are the branches of the thoracoacromial artery? (4)
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pectoral, deltoid, acromial, clavicular
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where does the lateral thoracic artery run & what does it supply?
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along axillary border of pec major onto thoracic wall
supplies lateral breast |
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where is the circumflex artery?
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encircles the surgical neck of humerus
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how do the axillary veins differ from the arteries?
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more abundant, highly variable & frequently anastamose
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where does the axillary vein run in general
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anteromedially to the artery
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what drains into the axillary vein?
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brachial vein & basilic vein (inf border teres major)
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how does the axillary vein enable venous return in the presence of an obstructed IVC?
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receives the thoracoepigastric veins(s) formed by anastamosis of superficial inguinal veins w tributaries of axillary vein (usually lat thoracic)
are a collateral route for drainage when IVC obstructed |
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where does the cephalic vein enter axillary vein? what veins that DON'T correspond to axillary arteries drain here instead of axillary vein?
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superior to pec major near its transition to subclavian vein
veins corresponding to branches of thoracoacromial artery may empty into the cephalic |
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what are the 5 principal groups of axillary lymph nodes & what is their general arrangement?
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pec, subscapular, humeral , central & apical
arranged to reflect pyramid of axilla - 3 at base & one at each corner of the pyramid |
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what do the pectoral lymph nodes in the axilla drain?
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most of the breast
anterior thoracic wall |
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what do the subscapular lymph nodes in the axilla drain?
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posterior thoracic wall & scapula
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what do the humeral nodes in the axilla drain?
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most of the upper limb
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what drains to the central axillary lymph nodes and where does this in turn drain to?
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the pec, subscapular & humeral nodes drain in
it drains out to apical nodes |
