Analysis And Interpretation Of Literature

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prose

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writing is that reflects speech that is written on an everyday basis and lacks a metered or rhymed structure

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non-fiction

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event, person, or subject that presents fact

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novel

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is an extended fictional literary work that is generally written in prose

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autobiography

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composes as a factual, written account of his or her own life; non fiction literature and recounts wholly factual events

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literary genres

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basic categories that are based on composition criteria such as technique or content

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essay

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literary works that is composed from the authors personal perspective for such purposes as exposing, arguing, or critiquing and can contain non-fictional or fictional aspects

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mode

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it isnt connected to one certain genre but rather, refers to the writers aim or outlooks when composing a literary work

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plot

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in a novel is the way in which the story's events are arranged

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introduction

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opening portion in a novel that reveals purpose and/or gives background; it states the authors intentions

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complication

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a conflict or problem the mani character faces and must resolve throughout the course of the novel

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climax

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the highest point that is reached

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subplots

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secondary stories that occur alongside the novels primary plot that are related to the main plot but are not the most important story

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dynamic characters

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undergo change

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static characters

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DO NOT undergo change

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protagonists

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main characters in a novel who face struggles toward or for a certain person or thing and have those obstacles to overcome

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antagonist

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major characters in a novel who struggle against a certain person/thing

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stock characters

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are oftem formed based on the fact that he, she, or it is simply needed or expected in the plot
EX) honest thief-Aladdin
clumsy hero-Charlie Brown

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foil characters

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ina novel emphasizes the traits of another character

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allegorical characters

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provide metaphorical representations of certain ideas or attributes

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round characters

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are full of details and are presented as having strengths and weaknesses, good quality and bad ones, and other contrasting attributes
"mimetic"

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theme

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very closely related to the plot; it is the general idea or message expressed through the plot and characters in a novel

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motifs

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help convey the theme; they are elements that often recur throughout the story and often help to expose or develop the theme

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setting

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"mood"; refers to the time and place in which the story occurs

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tone

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this is the narrators attitude or emotions that convey how he/she feels about the subject

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style

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is the way in which the author constructs his or her literary works and pens words on a page, such as in his or her word choice and literary structure

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short story

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highly popular 19th century and cont. through the 20th century

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point-of-view

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is a very important element in that it influences the oobjectivity of the narrator and affects the ways in which character and events are revelaed to and understood by the reader

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first-person

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least objective; directly involved in the action

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third-person

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not directly involved and is called omniscient

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initiation story

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exposes the transformation the protagonist undergoes from childhood or adolescence to adulthood, which is often the product of a key decision or event or a sequence of events
EX) A Christmas Memory by Thuman Capote 1924-1984

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narrative essays

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usually autobirographical and describe an event or series of events in order to identify a certain point; follows a persons development through those experiences

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speculative essays

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asks the "what if?" question; examine and explore ideas and make one or more points about those ideas, but does not explain them

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expository essays

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the author seeks to explain, describe, and clarify certain ideas; may contain elements of argumentation persuasion

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argumentive

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often address controversial issues and problems supporting evidence for a certain claim, present counter-arguments, and contains formal organizational structure

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fiction literature

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narrator to the speaker

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non-fiction literature

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author is the speaker; authors style is conveyed and develpoed through word choice and arrangement, presentation descriptive elements, and use of dialouge and narrative; contains an element known as thought

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satire

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a literary mode employed in a variety of genre in which an author uses a certain tone in order to expose and censure certain vices or weakness that manifest themselves in certain persons, groups, ideas, or beliefs

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horation satire

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is gentle

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juvenile satire

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uses harsh methods to convey a certain attitude or purpose

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irony

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the use of words to express something other than and especially the opposite of the literal meaning